California’s climate, characterized by warm, dry summers and mild
winters, makes the state’s water supply unpredictable. For
instance, runoff and precipitation in California can be quite
variable. The northwestern part of the state can receive more
than 140 inches per year while the inland deserts bordering
Mexico can receive less than 4 inches.
By the Numbers:
Precipitation averages about 193 million acre-feet per year.
In a normal precipitation year, about half of the state’s
available surface water – 35 million acre-feet – is collected in
local, state and federal reservoirs.
California is home to more than 1,300 reservoirs.
About two-thirds of annual runoff evaporates, percolates into
the ground or is absorbed by plants, leaving about 71 million
acre-feet in average annual runoff.
California’s second wet winter in a row has left L.A’s water
supplies in good shape for at least another year, but the
inevitable return to dry conditions could once again put the
city’s residents in a precarious position. After the state’s
final snow survey of the season, officials with the Los Angeles
Department of Water and Power announced that Eastern Sierra
snowpack is measuring 103% of normal, “providing ample supplies
through the city’s most cost-efficient water supply from the
Los Angeles Aqueduct.”
Missouri lawmakers say water has almost always been plentiful
in their state, giving no reason to think twice about a concept
known as riparian rights — the idea that, if you own the land,
you have broad freedoms to use its water. But that could change
under a bill advancing quickly in a state legislature that is
normally sharply divided. The measure would largely forbid the
export of water across state lines without a permit, even
though there is no evidence that is happening on any large
scale. … lawmakers are wary of the West, and the chance that
thirsty communities facing dwindling water supplies will look
east for lakes and rivers to tap.
Even though Pacific storms have become less frequent, as is
often the case in April, a new storm is brewing and will slice
across California just in time for the weekend, bringing areas
of rain, mountain snow and much cooler air, AccuWeather
meteorologists say. … A storm over the Gulf of Alaska will
drop southward just off the coast into Friday and will swing
toward California this weekend. … A few inches to
perhaps a foot of snow may fall over the high country of the
Sierra Nevada from the weekend storm.
The majority of California’s reservoirs are above their
historic average levels following the end of two wet winters.
The state’s largest reservoirs, Shasta Lake and Lake Oroville,
were measured at a respective 118% and 122% of their averages
for early April, according to data from the California
Department of Water Resources. Folsom Lake in the Sierra Nevada
foothills exits early April at 116%. Only two reservoirs, San
Luis in western San Joaquin Valley and Castaic in Southern
California, were below average. San Luis Reservoir was at just
87% and much smaller Castaic Lake in Los Angeles County was at
92%.
In a devastating blow to California’s fishing industry, federal
fishery managers unanimously voted today to cancel all
commercial and recreational salmon fishing off the coast of
California for the second year in a row. The decision is
designed to protect California’s dwindling salmon populations
after drought and water diversions left river flows too warm
and sluggish for the state’s iconic Chinook salmon to
thrive. … Many in the fishing industry say they
support the closure, but urged state and federal officials to
do more to improve conditions in the rivers salmon rely on.
Fishing advocates and environmentalists have lambasted Gov.
Gavin Newsom’s administration for failing to prioritize
water quality and flows to protect salmon in the
vital Bay-Delta watershed.
We gathered at Sierra Nevada Brewery on March 8 for our Annual
Meeting, and we continue to cherish the discussions and
insights shared during that event. Among the many highlights of
the gathering was a compelling address by Senator Alex Padilla,
whose remarks resonated deeply with our shared commitment to
safeguarding California’s water resources. Read the excerpt
from Chairman Bryce Lundberg’s introduction and watch Senator
Padilla’s address below.
Klamath, Modoc and Siskiyou County leaders are asking for an
“adequate water supply” on behalf of local irrigation. A news
release from Klamath Water Users Association this week said a
letter has been sent to the Bureau of Reclamation requesting
the full water allocations on behalf of Klamath Project
irrigators. The letter, sent to Reclamation Commissioner
Camille Calimlim Touton, bases the request for increase water
flows in congruence with “favorably hydrology” this year in the
Klamath Basin.
Key backup tubes inside the Glen Canyon Dam might be damaged,
potentially threatening the delivery of water to Lake Mead in
the future if water levels ever dip too low in Lake Powell,
according to a Bureau of Reclamation memo. Below 3,490 feet,
water releases from Lake Powell are wholly dependent on “river
outlet works,” which water managers now feel are not functional
and could threaten the water supply downstream. Currently, the
reservoir sits at 3,558 feet, and the latest two-year
projection places water levels above 3,560 feet until at least
February 2026. Looming threats of climate change and
evaporative losses also are complicating state negotiations for
how to allocate the shrinking Colorado River.
California is expected to experience what some meteorologists
are calling “weather whiplash” this week with a brief spell of
warm weather during the work week followed by a wet weekend
from yet another unusually cold storm. … A significant
weather shift is expected to impact the Golden State starting
Friday, with temperatures dropping as a cold storm system
approaches the area, potentially bringing rains as early as
Friday to some locations. Widespread rain is expected Saturday.
Over the past few decades, the United States has imported most
of its lithium from Chile and Argentina, but there’s one major
domestic source of the mineral—Nevada. Clayton Valley, a remote
basin in the nation’s driest state, is home to the Silver Peak
mine, where lithium is extracted in gridded ponds that turn
neon blue as they recover one of Earth’s lightest elements
through solar evaporation. … Mining operators across the
West have faced major barriers in the global race for lithium.
Mines come with large footprints that can disrupt wildlife
habitat, harm cultural sites and put pressures on communities.
On top of all that is another major challenge posing a barrier
for lithium projects in the western U.S. and Clayton Valley:
Competition for limited water supplies.
Pasadena Water and Power (PWP) has launched a new multi-year
campaign called “The Ripple Effect” aimed at promoting water
sustainability and resilience in the community. Acting General
Manager David Reyes urged all PWP customers to become local
water stewards for Pasadena and the region by participating
in the campaign. “We invite every member of our
community to embrace their role as local water stewards,” said
Reyes. “Each one of us holds a vital place in shaping
Pasadena’s water future.” About one-third of
Pasadena’s water supply comes from local groundwater, with the
remaining two-thirds imported from other sources. PWP
emphasized that understanding where the community’s water comes
from helps foster a greater appreciation for
this critical resource.
Aiming to boost the county’s water supply, the Marin Municipal
Water District is exploring the idea of connecting pipelines in
Petaluma and Cotati to its reservoirs. District staff presented
three main potential projects — narrowed from 13 — at Tuesday’s
board of directors meeting. … The pipelines would transport
water from the Russian River into Marin reservoirs. Treated
Russian River water is transported to Marin through a 9-mile
aqueduct along the Highway 101 corridor from Petaluma to North
Marin Water District in Novato. The district then sends the
water directly to the Marin Municipal Water District’s water
distribution system. Board members expressed concern over cost
estimates, which ranged between $140 million and $380 million.
… U.S. Geological Service data shows Teton Valley’s aquifer
steadily declined in recent decades as development increased
and crop watering systems became more efficient, reducing
infiltration by replacing flood irrigation with pivots and
sprinklers. In addition, the area’s transition from
agricultural valley to recreation hub has meant less acreage
being watered: farms replaced by subdivisions full of houses
with domestic wells, each one a straw guzzling from the
valley’s all-important aquifer. … Recharge has benefited
farmers and fish in western communities like Idaho’s Eastern
Snake River Plain and California’s Central Valley, and the
group believes the data shows it can work in the Teton Basin.
They hope it can. In addition to providing a bulwark against
future water shortages or legislative changes to water rights
laws, they want to do something groundbreaking: create a
market-based system to pay farmers for incidental recharge.
Lake Shasta could reach its full capacity this spring,
following a high amount of rainfall in California. The largest
reservoir in California has been steadily rising since the
beginning of March. It has gone up sharply since the start of
the year, which saw its levels at 1,012 feet, compared to its
current level on April 5 of 1,058 feet. The lake has risen by
about 19 feet since the beginning of March alone. “Shasta
Reservoir is currently 121 percent of the 15-year average and
93 percent full as of April 4. Unlike other Central Valley
Project reservoirs, Shasta is predominantly filled by rainfall
rather than snowpack runoff,” a Bureau of Reclamation
spokesperson told Newsweek. … The reservoir, located in
Shasta County, California, was in a dire situation due to
drought in 2022.
Gov. Gavin Newsom has a new sales pitch for a tunnel to move
more water south from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta
that past governors have tried and failed to build for five
decades. “The Delta conveyance is an adaptation project,” he
said last week in a snowy field in the Sierra Nevada, where a
winter that started out dry eventually delivered a
just-above-average snowpack that will soon melt into the
Sacramento River and its
tributaries. … Long-skeptical Delta lawmakers
aren’t convinced by the latest rationale. “He’s searching for a
reason,” said Representative John Garamendi, a Democrat
from the western part of the Delta.
Acronyms are so prevalent in the water industry that stringing
several together can form an impressive-sounding
sentence. That’s exactly what Hanford High School junior
Morgan Carroll did at an April 5 workshop in Sacramento called
Water 101 put on by the Water Education
Foundation. After winning a game of bingo no
less. The bingo game kept the audience of water managers and
government and nonprofit employees on its toes during a talk on
what could be a very dry topic, especially after lunch: The
role of regulatory agencies in state and federal water law.
… Part of being on the team is keeping tabs on current
events in the water industry. Students subscribed
to Aquafornia, the foundation’s daily
news summary, and found out about the workshop that way.
The Commerce Department announced Monday it pledged up to
$6.6 billion to Taiwanese semiconductor manufacturer TSMC,
which will add a third chip manufacturing facility in Arizona
to the two in the works. The grant will go down in Washington
as one of the crown jewels of the Biden administration’s
initiative to bring the supply chain for ubiquitous—and
strategically vital—computer chips back to the United
States. But in Phoenix, where the factories are going to
be built, TSMC faces a lingering question: where’s the water
going to come from in one of the driest cities in the
country?
The Marin Municipal Water District has adopted its strategic
work plan as it strives to reduce potable water use and
increase supply. The work plan, approved unanimously at
Tuesday’s board meeting, outlines the steps needed to implement
the five-year strategic plan the district adopted in February.
The strategic plan includes targets for water supply, drought
resiliency, land stewardship and fiscal responsibility.
… This marked the second year in a row with above-average
snowfall and was a huge turnaround from conditions at the
beginning of 2024, when the snowpack across the state was
barely a quarter of the historic average. … The
relationship between snowfall and climate change is not as
simple as it might first appear. Though rising temperatures
will cause some would-be snow to fall as rain, this is partly
balanced out by the fact that precipitation will become more
intense overall, since warmer air can hold more water vapor.
Some parts of Alaska and Northern Canada have
seen increases in snowfall over the last 40 years; in
these frigid locales the amount of snow is more limited by cold
weather, which decreases the amount of moisture in the air. -Written by Ned Kleiner, a scientist and catastrophe
modeler at Verisk.
… To broaden your understanding of how the Colorado River
crisis and groundwater depletion are affecting Nevada, here are
a few books to snag for your shelf: “Cadillac Desert” by
Marc Reisner … “Where the Water Goes” by David Owen
… “Water Follies” by Robert Glennon … “All the
Water the Law Allows” by Christian S. Harrison
Spring storms brought more snow to mountains across the Western
U.S., bringing water for struggling Lake Powell with them. The
National Weather Service Colorado Basin River Forecast Center
on Friday estimated that Lake Powell will receive 5.7 million
acre-feet of water between April and July as snow melts off the
mountains. An acre-foot is roughly enough water to sustain two
houses for a year. That volume is 89% of the normal runoff for
that time period recorded between 1991 and 2020. Facing
extreme drought and climate change since the turn of the
century, Lake Powell dropped to a historic low of 22%
full in Feb. 2023. The reservoir currently stands at
about 32% full.
Last month, the seven U.S. states that use Colorado River water
released two divergent plans for how that water should be
managed after 2026 when the current agreement expires. Their
proposals centered on operations at Lake Powell and Lake Mead,
the country’s two largest reservoirs, the levels of which are
instrumental in determining how much water each state gets. But
a coalition of environmental organizations felt that those
plans — and the discourse surrounding which states should have
to cut their water use — drowned out a crucial consideration:
the environment. So, last week, they submitted a plan of their
own. “Our plan explicitly integrates environmental values and
resources into the planning, while also trying to meet the
needs of people,” Taylor Hawes, the Colorado River Program
director for The Nature Conservancy, said.
On April 2, 2024, the California Department of Water Resources
(DWR) released the California Water Plan Update 2023 (CWP 2023
Update). DWR’s press release dubs the plan “A Roadmap to Water
Management and Infrastructure for a Water Resilient Future.”
Resiliency is one of the key focuses for the CWP 2023 Update,
as its chapter on objectives is entitled the “Roadmap to
Resilience.” The plan is focused on the vision that “All
Californians benefit from water resources that are sustainable,
resilient to climate change, and managed to achieve shared
values and connections to our communities and the environment.”
On April 3, a coalition of fishing and conservation
groups said the state and federal water agencies must
“take immediate action” to stop the unauthorized killing of
thousands of Chinook Salmon and Steelhead at the State and
Federal water export pumps in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River
Delta, The State Water Project (SWP) and Central Valley
Project (CVP) Delta “death pumps” have been the
biggest killers of salmon, steelhead, Sacramento
splittail and other fish species in California for many
decades. … The coalition said this is the second
time in 2024 the coalition has responded to an increase in
killing of legally protected fish at the pumps of the State
Water Project and the Central Valley Project (Projects or Water
Projects).
California has more than 1,000 thousand miles of coastline and
the water in the Pacific Ocean presents an opportunity for more
fresh water in the state. Unlocking the opportunity takes time,
money and resources, and some experts say it’s not for
everyone. … The massive system California has in place
now is one of the most complicated, robust and successful
systems ever created. That system has more recently
incorporated the ocean. Desalination is being put to the test
in coastal areas up and down the state. The process takes salt
out of ocean water and turns it into fresh water for people.
State officials, as well as private partners, focus on these
areas as the best fit for this water supply.
Water access in California has seen growing scrutiny as the
climate shifts from more extreme dry to wet swings. This
results in increasing year-to-year uncertainty for both
commercial and residential water availability. One area getting
more attention from an ethical and practical application is the
system of water rights, which first took shape in the late
1800s.
Winter brought just average rain and snow to Stanislaus
County’s main watershed, but most farmers will get abundant
supplies. That’s because reservoirs continue to hold much of
the runoff from last year’s truly wet conditions. Only in parts
of the West Side will water be limited. The storms also boosted
groundwater, which is part of the supply in many places. City
residents, too, can expect no cutbacks, but they still have to
follow rules against outdoor watering in the afternoon. Too
much demand on a hot summer day can tax the distribution
system.
Yesterday, Gov. Gavin Newsom surveyed the Sierra snowpack and
outlined a new state water plan focused on climate change.
Scott and KQED climate reporter Ezra David Romero are joined by
California’s former top water regulator Felicia Marcus. As
the state’s top water czar, she navigated severe droughts,
balancing demands for scare water by cities, farms, businesses
and homeowners.
It was an average year for Colorado’s snowpack — and that’s
great news. The statewide snowpack sat at 109% of the
30-year median on Wednesday, just a few days shy of the normal
peak of snowpack for the state. Every major river basin in the
state also recorded above-median snowpack, reducing the risk of
large, uncontrollable wildfires and boosting the state’s water
supplies. Despite a slow start to the snow season, large
storms in February and March boosted the amount of water that
will become available as mountain snow melts. The statewide
snowpack had lagged behind the median until early March.
Los Angeles Department of Water & Power (DWP) and Mono Lake
Committee staff met this morning at the shore of Mono Lake to
conduct the annual joint reading of the surface elevation of
Mono Lake. The consensus is that the lake stands at 6,383.70
feet above mean sea level which means that Mono Lake is only
halfway to the 6,392-foot elevation level mandated by the
California State Water Resources Control Board 30 years ago to
resolve ecological, wildlife, economic, Tribal, public trust,
and air quality harms caused by the lowering of Mono
Lake. Today’s lake level triggers an important choice for
DWP: Will the Department choose a nearly fourfold increase in
diversions (16,000 acre-feet), or will it choose to leave
exports unchanged (4,500 acre-feet) and preserve the lake level
gains of the record-wet winter of 2023?
In December 2018 the State Water Resources Control Board (State
Board) adopted updates to the Bay-Delta Plan (Plan) in
accordance with its obligations under the Porter-Cologne Act.
The updated Plan included flow objectives intended to restore
and protect Chinook salmon and Central Valley steelhead in the
lower San Joaquin River and its tributaries. Twelve lawsuits
and 116 claims were filed challenging the State Board’s updated
Plan. On March 15, 2024, Sacramento County Superior Court Judge
Stephen Acquisto rejected all lawsuits and claims. To some
degree the court’s decision is a win for California’s
fisheries, but the decision also affirmed the discretionary
right of the State Board to keep less water in rivers than
needed to restore fisheries and aquatic ecosystems.
The start of April means that California’s rainy season is
coming to an end. Things are looking pretty good this year, but
there are some caveats. The snowpack across the Sierra Nevada
and the Colorado River Basin — both critical stores of water —
is hovering slightly above average, though it’s nowhere near
what we saw last winter. … It’s looking unlikely, as our
reservoirs are quite full and we’ve had a good showing of
snow. “We pulled back on restrictions last year, however,
we’re telling people to use their common sense,” said Adel
Hagekhalil, CEO of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern
California. The public agency will neither be drawing from
or putting water into storage, though that’ll change if the
allocation increases. According to Hagekhalil, the MWD has
enough water to help Southern California get through the next
three years.
California’s water resources look promising thanks to a string
of cold, wet storms since January, but the state’s leaders are
eyeing how significant the payout from those storms will be for
future years. State officials and experts from the University
of California, Berkeley’s Central Sierra Snow Laboratory say
the Golden State’s water and snow outlook is looking good this
spring, despite a dry start to the water year. The milestone
snowpack survey of the year, conducted Tuesday at Phillips
Station in El Dorado County, found a snowpack measuring 64
inches and a snow water equivalent — water contained in the
snowpack — of 27.5 inches. … All state watersheds
have significantly improved in water storage since Feb. 20,
with all sitting at 90% or higher. The State Water Project also
increased its forecast allocation of water supplies to 30%.
For a place where nature didn’t intend lettuce to grow, the
southwest corner of Arizona has built a spectacular record as
“America’s salad bowl.” Thanks to copious irrigation and
decades of public investment, Yuma and the bordering Imperial
Valley of California supply as much as 90 percent of the
nation’s salad greens during the winter, making the area
pivotal to the debate over the future of American agriculture
in an era of oppressive weather made worse by the changing
climate.
Groundwater in Arizona belongs to all of us. It is a public
resource and sensible management of it is vital to our shared
future. But instead of fulfilling their obligation to
protect this finite and diminishing water supply, Arizona’s
Republican legislators have introduced dozens of bills at the
statehouse aimed at enriching residential developers and
corporate farmers who want to expand their groundwater
use. Many of these bills are advancing and will end up on
the governor’s desk. One intent of these bills is to
weaken the state’s assured water supply requirement for
development in urban areas. This crucial consumer protection
prevents the sale of subdivision lots that lack a 100-year
water supply, thereby assuring our desert state’s
longevity. -Written by Kathleen Ferris, a Phoenix water
attorney and sits on the Governor’s Water Policy
Council.
The Biden-Harris administration is redoubling its efforts to
improve cybersecurity for the nation’s water systems. In March,
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the White
House issued a dire warning to state governors alerting them of
the need to protect water and wastewater systems from ongoing
cybersecurity threats and requested that the states provide
plans to decrease the risk of attacks on water and wastewater
systems in their state. … While the letter focused on
the national need for investment in water infrastructure,
California’s water systems are in particularly dire need for
upgrades. The EPA has previously estimated that California
needs about $51 billion in improvements to its water
infrastructure.
With California snowpack and reservoirs at above-average levels
following two wet winters, Gov. Gavin Newsom stood on a snowy
field near Lake Tahoe on Tuesday and urged the state to do much
more to make its water supplies resilient to the extreme
droughts and flooding that come with climate change. … The
governor presented a new water plan that lays out priorities
for changing how the state captures, stores and moves water,
including efforts to replenish groundwater, recycle wastewater
and restore the natural ecosystems of watersheds. Newsom said
his administration is focusing on infrastructure projects such
as building the Sites Reservoir — the first new major reservoir
in decades — and he vowed to move ahead with the proposed Delta
Conveyance Project.
Water for a thirsty Las Vegas has been building up over the
past month and a half and snowpack levels are 11% above normal
on April 1 — the date that snow normally peaks as warmer
weather begins to set in. … Two consecutive years above
normal snowpack levels is bucking the trend reported in a
July 2023 study that showed runoff has declined 10.3% over
the past 140 years because of increasing hotter
temperatures. Last year’s wet winter helped refill Lake
Mead and Lake Powell, the nation’s two largest reservoirs. But
they are still low. Lake Mead is currently at 37% of capacity,
and Lake Powell is at 33%.
The Imperial Irrigation District announced in a recent press
report that it has been awarded $7 million in grant funds from
the Department of the Interior in support of the district’s
proposed Upstream Operational Reservoir Project, which would be
the largest reservoir ever constructed in the Imperial Valley
during IID’s 113-year history as an irrigation district. The
announcement was recently made by the Interior Department, with
funds coming from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to increase
water supply reliability. This latest grant award to IID is in
addition to a $9.5 million grant previously awarded to the
district for a total of $16.5 million in federal funding for
the Upstream Operational Reservoir Project.
A coalition of environmental groups is proposing a new set of
rules for managing the Colorado River after 2026, when the
current guidelines expire. … The “Cooperative
Conservation Alternative,” as dubbed by the environmental
proposal’s authors, offers a series of ideas on how to make
sure decisions about the water supply for people and businesses
don’t leave the environment behind. The first idea outlined in
the proposal is the implementation of a new way of measuring
how much water is stored in reservoirs along the Colorado
River, with water releases adjusted accordingly.
… In a matter of weeks, a succession of powerful storms
flipped the script, dumping a stream of record-setting, intense
rainfall across California, much of it on the state’s
southwestern region. That wet pattern has continued as winter
has given way to spring, with this past weekend’s storm dumping
up to 4 inches of rain in some areas — pushing Los Angeles to a
new two-year rain total not seen since the late 1800s and
forestalling any hope for a quick end to the rainy season.
… With more than 30 million acre-feet of water in
storage, the state’s reservoirs are at 116% of their
historical average.
Some Bee colleagues and I recently took a tour of Westlands
Water District — the nation’s largest agricultural water
district, located on the western edges of Fresno and Kings
counties. … But facing the twin challenges of drought
and new state restrictions on groundwater use, Westlands
farmers and counterparts throughout the San Joaquin Valley are
considering a new money maker for their land: solar power.
As winter conditions wind down, the beginning of April is
always the most important time for California’s water managers
to take stock of how much snow has fallen in the Sierra
Nevada. This year, something unusual happened. After years
of extreme drought and several very wet flood years, the Sierra
snowpack, the source of one-third of the state’s water supply,
is shockingly average this year: 104% of normal on
Friday. And more is on the way.
With chronic water shortages afflicting the Colorado River,
discussions about how to cut usage have increasingly focused on
a thirsty crop that consumes an especially large share of the
river’s water: hay that is grown to feed cattle and produce
beef and dairy products. In a new study, researchers found that
alfalfa and other cattle-feed crops consume 46% of the water
that is diverted from the river, accounting for nearly
two-thirds of agricultural water use. The research also shows
that agriculture is the dominant user of Colorado River water,
accounting for 74% of the water that is diverted — about three
times the combined usage of all the cities that depend on the
river. The study presents the most detailed analysis of its
kind to date, including extensive data on where the river’s
water goes across seven Western states and northern Mexico.
… Over the next several years, Pacific Gas and Electric Co.,
the current owner of the Potter Valley Project, is planning to
retire the hydroelectric plant and remove two dams on the Eel
River that provide water for the facility. With power
production shut down, tunneling water into the Russian River
won’t be necessary. … The Potter Valley Project provides a
portion of the water supply for large swaths of Mendocino and
Sonoma counties. … Scores of vineyards here are tethered
to water rights that are subject to restriction when river
levels drop. During the recent drought, hundreds of
water-rights holders were forced to stop pumping — a
scenario many believe was a preview of a future where the Eel
River doesn’t continue to supplement the Russian.
On Sunday, California’s rainy season officially comes to an
end. … So, how did this wet season stack up? As of Tuesday,
California had received slightly more rain than usual this
winter — 104 percent of the average, according to state data.
The state’s snowpack, which accumulates in the Sierra Nevada
and typically provides 30 percent of the state’s water supply
for the year, is at 101 percent of normal for this time of
year. The state’s reservoirs are at an even higher 116 percent
of their normal levels, in part because they are still
benefiting from the back-to-back “atmospheric rivers” that
slammed California last winter.
The Marin Municipal Water District is taking a closer look at
storage expansion projects that could increase capacity for
billions of gallons of additional water to defend against
drought. After several months of study, district officials and
consultants are considering projects that could include raising
dam heights and some possibilities for creating new dams. Each
option would increase the storage capacity by about 20,000
acre-feet. The proposals include expansions of Alpine Lake,
Kent Lake and the Soulajule and Nicasio reservoirs. The
district is also looking at constructing new reservoirs in the
areas of Devil’s Gulch, Halleck Creek and upper Nicasio. The
proposals were presented to the water board at its meeting on
March 19.
If federal officials want tribal support for Colorado River
deals, they need to pay tribes to conserve, protect their
future water use and include them in negotiations, tribal
leaders said Wednesday at a conference in southwestern
Colorado. Basin states and the federal government are
negotiating a new set of operating rules to replace existing
drought-response agreements that expire in 2026. Tribes weren’t
included when the agreements were originally negotiated in
2007. Basin officials should not make the same mistake again,
tribes say. … Compensating tribes for not using their
water, and for choosing to cut back on the water they do use,
is another key point [for the tribes.]
A recent court ruling may have thrown a wrench in the state’s
funding plans for the controversial and expensive Delta
Conveyance Project – a tunnel to move Sacramento River water 45
miles beneath the ecologically sensitive Sacramento-San Joaquin
Delta. In January, the Sacramento Superior Court denied
the state Department of Water Resources’ (DWR) request to
finance the project through bonds. Tunnel opponents hailed
the ruling as a blow to the project. But state staff say the
ruling will not impede funding. DWR has appealed the case and
is still planning on using bonds to pay for the project if it
comes to fruition.
The frustration for farmers continues to grow after recent news
of recent water allocation numbers. The Bureau of Reclamation
has announced a 35 percent federal allocation for Central
Valley Project recipients, as the California Department of
Water Resources has allocated 30 percent of State Water Project
requests. The news comes as the snowpack in the Sierra
Nevada sits at or near normal. … Joe Del Bosque of Del
Bosque Farms … says he and other farmers were extremely
disappointed with the recent numbers. He tells me with the
current snowpack, and recent, and potentially incoming storms,
the allocation should have been higher.
… Lake Powell’s levels have fallen throughout the winter, but
as the weather warms, the snowpack that has accumulated in the
mountains over the winter will begin to melt. That water will
feed rivers and streams across the West — including the
Colorado River, which fills Lake Powell on Arizona and Utah’s
shared border. … The National Weather Service Colorado
Basin River Forecast Center predicts that 5.4 million acre-feet
of unregulated runoff will spill into the reservoir between
April and July. … According to the Colorado Basin River
Forecast Center, spring runoff this year will be 85% of the
average runoff between 1991 and 2020.
A Senate panel voted to shut the public out of the key business
of the state agency tasked with finding new water for Arizona.
HB 2014 authorizes the Water Infrastructure Finance Authority
to enter into agreements to facilitate the construction of a
project that would bring water from outside the state into
Arizona. It also empowers the agency to negotiate deals with
others to agree to purchase the water once it becomes
available. But what HB 2014 also would do is exempt all
communications and information gathered related to water
augmentation from all provisions of the state’s Public Records
Law. And the only time anyone could get information would be
“on the consent of the authority.”
California farmers could save massive amounts of water if they
planted less thirsty — but also less lucrative — crops such as
grains and hay instead of almonds and alfalfa, according to new
research by scientists who used remote sensing and artificial
intelligence. Such a seismic shift in the nation’s most
productive agricultural state could cut consumption by roughly
93%, researchers with UC Santa Barbara and the NASA Jet
Propulsion Laboratory reported Monday. But Anna Boser, the
study’s lead author, acknowledged that replacing all of
California’s water-intensive crops with the least-intensive
ones is an unrealistic economic scenario. … In a
less-extreme scenario, Boser and her colleagues reported that
fallowing 5% of fields with the most water-intensive crops
could cut water consumption by more than 9%, according to
the study, published in the journal Nature Communications.
The Colorado River is relied upon by roughly 40 million people.
That includes members of 30 federally-recognized tribes, as
well as residents across seven states. Four of those are in the
region known as the Upper Basin – that includes Colorado, Utah,
Wyoming, and New Mexico – and the other three are in the Lower
Basin – California, Arizona, and Nevada. In Colorado alone,
half of Denver’s supply – as well as half of Colorado Springs’
supply – rely on the river. Tribal nations in Colorado,
New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming have been left out of key
agreements involving the Colorado River for well over a century
now.
A critical set of oral testimonies will help a state regulator
determine whether or not the Monterey Peninsula needs a
desalination project to generate water supply over the next few
decades, or whether the Pure Water Monterey Expansion project
will get the job done. …The testimonies and cross
examinations lasted five days, ending March 15. The testimonies
were heard by California Public Utilities Commission
Administrative Law Judge Robert Haga. Many of the testimonies
… came down to which contrary estimates of water supply
and future demand Judge Haga will believe. Once he’s reached a
decision it will then be taken up by the five-member CPUC
commissioners.
… The two impacts of data centers drawing the most concern in
Colorado are the growing demand for power and impact it could
have on the power grid and the need for millions of gallons of
water by data centers, primarily for cooling. … While
Colorado and the West have suffered a 20-year drought and there
is haggling over the future of the dwindling Colorado River, a
hyperscale data center with evaporative cooling can, according
to Dglt, use more than 200 million gallons of water a year,
about 550,000 gallons a day — enough to supply 1,200 households
of four to five people for a year.
Two-thirds of the tribes with lands and water rights in the
Colorado River Basin are calling for equal status in developing
new river management guidelines and protection of their senior
water rights against proposed cuts or caps on developing their
water. Leaders from 20 tribes, including eight in Arizona, sent
a letter to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation March 11. In the
letter, obtained by The Arizona Republic, the tribes outlined
what they expect in new river management guidelines that will
take effect when the current guidelines expire Dec. 31, 2026.
The two tribes with Arizona’s largest river allocations — the
Colorado River Indian Tribes, which holds senior rights to
720,000 acre-feet of water, mostly in Arizona, and the Gila
River Indian Community, with 653,000 acre-feet of Colorado
River and other waters — did not sign the letter.
State officials on Friday doubled the amount of water
California agencies will get this year following some strong
storms that increased the snowpack in the mountains. The State
Water Project is a major source for 27 million people. The
majority of contractors who supply the water are located south
of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Previously, the
Department of Water Resources had told them to expect 15% of
their requests this year. The department increased that to 30%
on Friday. The department said contractors north of the delta
can expect 50% of their requests, while contractors in the
Feather River Settlement can expect 100%.
Efficiently managing agricultural irrigation is vital for food
security today and into the future under climate change. Yet,
evaluating agriculture’s hydrological impacts and strategies to
reduce them remains challenging due to a lack of field-scale
data on crop water consumption. Here, we develop a method to
fill this gap using remote sensing and machine learning, and
leverage it to assess water saving strategies in California’s
Central Valley. We find that switching to lower water intensity
crops can reduce consumption by up to 93%, but this requires
adopting uncommon crop types. … These results reveal diverse
approaches for achieving sustainable water use, emphasizing the
potential of sub-field scale crop water consumption maps to
guide water management in California and beyond.
… Meanwhile, forecasters were looking ahead to a rare
late-season “high-impact” storm that could reach the area by
Friday, according to Robbie Munroe, a meteorologist with the
NWS in Oxnard. Sunday’s bout of stormy weather was driven
by a cold system moving south across the Southland, Munroe
said. “Early projections place us maybe around an inch to
3 inches for a lot of areas — maybe even locally higher for our
south-facing mountains,” he said.
It’s the second straight year of above-average rain and snow in
California, amid the state’s driest period in 1,200 years. The
respite from drought is certainly welcome, despite flooding,
mudslides and associated miseries. Now meteorologists and
oceanographers are watching possible La Niña conditions develop
in the Pacific, perhaps signaling a return to drier times. It’s
an appropriate time to take stock — of how we weathered the
last two winters, what we’ve learned and what’s ahead.
… It’s also important to note that California got a
scary dose of climate change reality early in the winter when
all that precipitation failed to turn into Sierra snowpack. It
does us little good to get lots of rain or even snow if the
weather is too warm to permit snow accumulation on the slopes.
The annual snowpack‘s slow spring-and-summer melt has
historically been the primary source of water for California
cities and farm fields.
Colorado’s “housing crisis” is essentially unsolvable by simply
building more market-rate housing, at least if we care about
our quality of life here in Colorado. … Colorado does,
however, have a real “water crisis.” The arguments between the
seven states working on sharing the Colorado River revolve
around Article III(d) of the 1922 Colorado River Compact, which
requires the Upper Basin states to deliver 7.5 million
acre-feet per year on average to the Lower Basin states,
plus multi-million acre-feet/year obligations to Mexico,
Native American tribes, and pre-Compact water rights
holders. There just isn’t enough water for all that, plus
serving many millions more people in the Front Range cities
that depend on trans-mountain diversions of the Colorado
River. -Written by Steve Pomerance, who served 10 years on the
Boulder city council and 6 years on the DRCOG
board.
… While the winter season may be drawing to a close, it looks
like California and the broader West will see at least one more
7-10+ day period of winter-like conditions beginning this
weekend. A series of 3-5 weak to moderate storms will affect
California in the next 10-14 days, bringing widespread
precipitation (especially NorCal) and cooler temperatures.
These appear to be fairly decent snow-accumulating storms for
the Sierra–no epic blizzards, but the highest elevations could
accumulate several additional feet over 10+ days and there will
likely be at least some accumulation to much lower elevations
at times. Widespread light to moderate rainfall is likely
throughout northern CA at lower elevations, and locally into
SoCal as well.
The U.S. government is warning state governors that foreign
hackers are carrying out disruptive cyberattacks against water
and sewage systems throughout the country. In a letter released
Tuesday, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan and
Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Michael Regan
warned that “disabling cyberattacks are striking water and
wastewater systems throughout the United States.” The letter
singled out alleged Iranian and Chinese cyber saboteurs.
Sullivan and Regan cited a recent case in which hackers accused
of acting in concert with Iran’s Revolutionary Guards had
disabled a controller at a water facility in Pennsylvania. They
also called out a Chinese hacking group dubbed “Volt Typhoon”
which they said had “compromised information technology of
multiple critical infrastructure systems, including drinking
water, in the United States and its territories.”
Lake Powell remains at the center of attention as the seven
Colorado River Basin states figure out how much water is
withdrawn from it this year and beyond. But those who rely on
it for water and electricity — and the millions who enjoy
recreating on the reservoir — are equally focused on how much
Lake Powell receives this spring. The good news is, it is
expected to receive a decent bump in the coming months. The bad
news is, it’s not expected to reach the same levels it peaked
at before the region’s latest severe drought. Lake Powell
is projected to receive about 5.4 million acre-feet of water
based on conditions this winter, National Weather Service’s
Colorado Basin River Forecast Center officials said on Friday.
That would hoist the reservoir from 32% to 37% capacity after
the snowmelt process wraps up in the early summer.
Water shortages are becoming a way of life in cities across the
globe — Los Angeles; Cape Town, South Africa; Jakarta,
Indonesia; and many more — as climate change worsens and
authorities often pipe in water from ever-more-distant sources.
“Water sources are depleted around the world,” said Victoria
Beard, a professor of city and regional planning at Cornell
University. “Every year, more cities will face ‘Day Zero,’ with
no water in their piped systems.” Mexico City — founded by the
Aztecs on an island amid lakes, with a rainy season that
brought torrents and flooding — might have been an exception.
For decades, the focus has been getting rid of water, not
capturing it. But a grim convergence of factors — including
runaway growth, official indifference, faulty infrastructure,
rising temperatures and reduced rainfall — have left this
mega-city at a tipping point after years of mostly unheeded
warnings.
A Sacramento judge upheld a decision by California’s water
regulator to cut back agricultural and municipal water use from
the San Joaquin River. The decision could lend support for
future regulations in the rest of the Sacramento-San Joaquin
River Delta system. It comes amid declining fish populations
and increasing pressure on water supply due to climate change.
But rather than move forward with strict regulations, the state
agency is considering a plan pushed by Gov. Gavin Newsom that
would grant water districts more flexibility.
All weather patterns must come to an end, and the setup that
allowed warm and dry conditions over much of the Northwest and
limited rainfall in California in recent days will wind down
later this week as a new train of storms lines up over the
northern Pacific, AccuWeather meteorologists
say. The storm train is not as intense as some episodes
over the winter, but with a breakdown of high
pressure over the Northwest and a southward shift in
the jet stream from the Pacific into North America,
there will be more opportunities for rain and mountain snow as
well as locally heavy precipitation that can slow travel on
highways and airports. … While a blockbuster snowfall is
not anticipated in the Sierra Nevada, the change to snow will
be more deliberate and add to the snowpack.
Colorado lawmakers say they want Congress to do its job and
fund repairs to a deteriorating irrigation system in
southwestern Colorado. The irrigation system, called the Pine
River Indian Irrigation Project, is one of 16 federal projects
in the West that have fallen into disrepair. The maintenance
backlog is extensive and would cost more than $2.3 billion to
address. … Southern Ute representatives focused on the
Indian Irrigation Fund during Colorado River Drought Task Force
meetings in 2023.
A state policy that seeks to protect California’s major rivers
and creeks by cracking down on how much water is pumped out by
cities and farms can move forward despite widespread
opposition, the Superior Court has ruled. The long-awaited
decision on what’s known as the Bay-Delta Plan denies 116
claims in a dozen separate lawsuits that seek to undo a 2018
update to the policy, most of which are from water agencies
saying the limits on their water draws go too far. The 160-page
verdict, released Friday by Sacramento County Judge Stephen
Acquisto, specifically notes that arguments made by San
Francisco against the regulation fell short.
Snowfall this week in the Rockies has improved the water
picture for the Colorado River, but one expert says she’s not
counting her chickens before they’re hatched. Current
information on the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s website shows
that snowpack levels in the Upper Colorado River Basin are at
110% of normal for this time of year. That’s an improvement
over March 1 when it was at 101%. … important weeks are
still ahead, even though the snowpack peak is typically
measured on April 1 each year.
Set against the context of unprecedented demand for water
supply solutions, Brownstein and WestWater Research brought
together water industry and finance leaders for the second
annual Sustainable Water Investment Summit. The World Resources
Institute’s latest data helps articulate the scale of the
demand for water supply reliability, sustainability and
innovation: by 2050, an additional billion people will be
living in arid areas and regions with high water stress, and by
2050, around 46% of global GDP is expected to come
from areas facing high-water risk (up from 10% currently).
Given these realities, it’s unsurprising that diverse interests
are now converging to meet the challenges of ensuring a
resilient and accessible water future. Polls find that 63% of
global companies now undertake water-related risk assessments,
and 1,100 CEOs have annual performance reviews tied to results
around water goals.
California regulators this week proposed delaying new rules
aimed at reducing how much water people use on their lawns,
drawing praise from agencies that said they needed more time to
comply but criticism from environmentalists who warn that the
delay would damage the state’s already scarce supply. Last
year, California proposed new rules that would, cumulatively,
reduce statewide water use by about 14%. Those rules included
lowering outdoor water use standards below the current
statewide average by 2035. On Tuesday, regulators proposed
delaying that timeline by five years, until 2040. The State
Water Resources Control Board is scheduled to vote on the rules
later this year. The state would not punish people for using
too much water on their lawns.
… A windswept county in the Sacramento Valley — whose
entire population of 22,000 people is just one-third of Palo
Alto’s — may soon be known for something else: the largest new
reservoir anywhere in California in the past 50 years. Last
weekend, President Biden signed a package of bills that
included $205 million in construction funding for Sites
Reservoir, a proposed $4.5 billion project planned for the
rolling ranchlands west of the town of Maxwell, about 70
miles north of Sacramento. … The make-or-break moment
for Sites is a series of hearings scheduled to run from June to
November in which the State Water Resources Control Board will
analyze fisheries studies and other documents and decide
whether to award it the water rights to move forward.
The Sacramento Superior Court has ruled in favor of the State
Water Board’s 2018 Bay Delta Plan update, denying all 116
claims by petitioners. In December 2018, the State Water
Resources Control Plan adopted revised flow
objectives for the San Joaquin River and its three major
tributaries, the Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and Merced rivers. The
new flow objectives provide for increased flows on the three
tributaries to help revive and protect native fall-run
migratory fish populations. The Board also adopted a revised
south Delta salinity objectives, increasing the level of
salinity allowed from April to August. Several petitions
were filed in several counties challenging the Board’s
action.
In January, the Sierra Nevada snowfall outlook was bleak.
California’s snowpack sat at levels less than half of normal,
and more sand than snow lined the shores of Lake Tahoe. Across
the West, experts voiced concern about snow drought. But, in
California, prospects turned around the following month as a
steady stream of storms added to the snowpack, culminating in
an epic blizzard. Things played out quite differently in other
parts of the country — large swaths of the U.S., including the
Midwest, lack healthy snow levels. … In the future,
snowy winters producing well above-normal snowpack like last
year may still occur, but “those kinds of winters are going to
become less common in a warming world,” said Brian
Brettschneider, a climate scientist at the National Weather
Service Alaska Region.
The states that use the Colorado River have put out their
latest proposals on how to manage the river’s shrinking amount
of water, and the two plans reveal that there are still big
differences in how upstream and downstream states want to divvy
up future cuts to their water consumption. While state water
negotiators say they’re committed to figuring out how they can
compromise in the age of climate change when there is less
water available to the 40 million people who rely on it, the
Southern Ute tribal government in southwestern Colorado doesn’t
believe either proposal addresses their concerns or helps them
secure their water future.
A new recommendation from the California State Water Quality
Control Board in its Bay-Delta Water Quality Control Plan
(Bay-Delta Plan) for the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta Estuary could see Solano County forced to adapt
to a fraction of the water it is currently allocated from Lake
Berryessa. The implications for Solano County cities could be
enormous, leaving Solano County with about 25 percent of its
current allocation. Spanning hundreds of miles from north of
Lake Shasta to Fresno, the tributaries of the Sacramento and
Sac Joaquin rivers that feed into the San Francisco Bay reach
well into the Sierra Nevadas and Central Valley. The State
Water Quality Control Board has noted that diminished river
flows in these areas are harming fish habitats and are
detrimental to the water system as a whole ecologically.
Congress has given the green light for a significant boost to
the Sites Reservoir Project, based on a recommendation from the
Bureau of Reclamation. A total of $205.6 million in federal
funds is being allocated. The money comes from the Water
Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation (WIIN) Act, which
helps enhance water systems across the country. It marks the
largest single award in the history of the WIIN Act for a
storage project. … The Sites Reservoir aims to bolster
water supplies across California while also supporting native
wildlife during droughts. This project will add 1.5 million
acre-feet of storage, significantly enhancing the state’s water
flexibility and reliability during dry years. Last summer, the
project received $30 million from the Infrastructure Investment
and Jobs Act, making the total federal contribution to date
$439.3 million.
Photos recently shared by the National Weather Service (NWS)
office in Las Vegas revealed a key difference in snowpack
levels between this year and last year. After years of drought,
an abnormally wet winter produced more than a dozen atmospheric
rivers that brought a deluge of rain and snow to the region. A
similarly wet winter has happened this year, with multiple
atmospheric rivers bringing torrential downpours to California,
Nevada, and other western states. However, despite the
storms, the region’s snowfall hasn’t been as impressive as it
was last year.
Across the parched West, there are signs the region’s
decades-long population and housing boom is confronting the
realities of dwindling water supplies. These have come in
recent months from court rulings and executive edicts alike, as
states crack down on the potential for new users to draw from
already oversubscribed aquifers and surface waters. The
skeleton of a would-be subdivision outside Las Vegas
illustrates the coming constraints, stymied by a lack of water
to support the new community. Water shortages also forced
difficult decisions in other places, such as new restrictions
in the Phoenix suburbs and a Utah town that halted all new
construction for more than two years until it could secure a
new well.
Monday marked a key cutoff time by which Colorado River states
had been tasked with proposing a consensus-based plant for
long-term water conservation in the overtaxed system. But
with the arrival of that deadline, set by the Department of the
Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation, no such agreement was on the
table. Instead, the river system’s two main contingents — the
Upper and Lower basins — submitted their own competing
plans. The proposals pertained to an upcoming update of
the rules — known as the 2007 Interim Guidelines for Lower
Basin Shortages — that govern where, when and how much the
seven basin states must conserve water from the 1,450-mile
river.
Cannon Michael has been re-elected as the chairman of the San
Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority. The San Luis &
Delta-Mendota Water Authority announced Michael’s re-election
on Monday. The big picture: Michael is the president
of family-owned Los Banos farming operation Bowles Farming
Company. He also serves as the chair of the Henry Miller
Reclamation District, as a board member of the Water Education
Foundation and as an advisory board member of the Public Policy
Institute of California.
The future availability of irrigation water for California
growers has never been less certain. To help growers survive a
future of “water uncertainty,” the non-profit Soil Health
Academy today announced an on-farm school at the Burroughs
Family almond orchard April 30-May 2 in Denair, California,
that will offer agricultural producers principles and tools to
grow profits and resiliency with much less water. The
school, sponsored by Simple Mills, will feature instruction,
demonstrations and insights from world-renowned soil health
pioneers Gabe Brown, Allen Williams, Ph.D., along with Chuck
Schembre and other orchard, vineyard and vegetable production
experts.
In what one Ukiah Valley water leader calls “the next big era
of major water decisions,” the City of Ukiah has joined up with
Redwood Valley and the Millview water district to form a new
water authority. The aim is to qualify for state infrastructure
grants to create a more reliable water supply for small
communities. The new authority has around 8500 to 9000 water
users, with about half of them in the city of Ukiah. That’s
pretty small by state standards, but First District Supervisor
Glenn McGourty, who is retiring this year, thinks the water
authority will help smaller districts comply with
ever-increasing state requirements.
People born in 1994 will be turning 30 this year — and so will
the drought in Arizona. Groundwater is the primary source of
water for the state, along with allotments from the Colorado
River. But due to a population that has nearly doubled since
the drought began in 1994, groundwater is drying up. In
response, Gov. Katie Hobbs put a moratorium on new housing
developments last year unless developers can prove they have
safe access to non-groundwater sources for 100 years before
they can begin construction. Along with efforts to encourage
home water use reduction, another solution being considered is
a bit greener: direct potable reuse (DPR), known colloquially
as “toilet to tap.” But the issue is far more complex than a
catchy tagline.
Water management might look different in Marin County as
agencies partner to understand extreme weather better. The
North Marin Water District, the Marin Municipal Water District
and Marin County joined the Center for Western Weather and
Water Extremes Water Affiliates Group in January. The group
researches “atmospheric rivers” and other severe weather to
improve water management, mitigate flood risk and increase
water supply reliability. … The National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration says atmospheric rivers are storms
that move most of the water vapor out of the tropics. According
to the Water Affiliates Group, heavy rainfall from these flows
of condensed water is responsible for almost 85% of floods on
the West Coast.
Water conservation is a top issue for cities across the
Southwest. Now, Phoenix continues plans to reduce water use and
prepare for the future. Phoenix City Council approved a water
conservation ordinance for “big water users” this week. “It is
Phoenix making sure that when a large volume user comes along,
there is a sufficient benefit,” said Sarah Porter, director of
the Kyl Center for Water Policy at ASU. It only impacts new
developments. Under the ordinance, companies that use more than
250,000 gallons of water per day will have to submit water
conservation plans to the city. This could impact some
hospitals, resorts, and manufacturers. Then, companies that use
more than 500,000 gallons of water per day need to submit a
conservation plan and ensure 30% of their water usage comes
from recycled water.
With climate change compounding the strains on the Colorado
River, seven Western states are starting to consider long-term
plans for reducing water use to prevent the river’s reservoirs
from reaching critically low levels in the years to come. But
negotiations among representatives of the states have so far
failed to resolve disagreements. And now, two groups of states
are proposing competing plans for addressing the river’s
chronic gap between supply and demand. In one camp, the three
states in the river’s lower basin — California, Arizona and
Nevada — say their approach would share the largest-ever water
reductions throughout the Colorado River Basin to ensure
long-term sustainability.
With nature providing plenty of water – finally – this year,
and groundwater regulation well underway, water managers,
farmers and others turned their focus to infrastructure at
Thursday’s Water Summit put on by the Water Association of Kern
County. Early in the day’s line up of speakers, Edward Ring,
senior fellow with the California Policy Center, captured the
audience’s attention with an extensive cost-benefit analysis of
the Delta Conveyance project, a tunnel that would take
Sacramento River water beneath the ecologically sensitive
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta 45 miles to be exported south. His
conclusion: the project has a whopping price tag for a
“dribble” of water.
A series of late-season winter storms has filled reservoirs,
boosted snowpack and left forecasters anticipating a late start
to California’s wildfire season. And while the odds are
also tilting toward a milder than normal fire season overall,
that outlook could change by July, said National Interagency
Fire Center meteorologist Jonathan O’Brien. … For now,
Predictive Services is forecasting below-normal large fire
activity in Southern California in May and June, and normal
activity in Northern California.
Facing rising costs and rates, the leaders of San Diego’s water
lifelines are looking to sell some of its most expensive
supply: de-salted ocean water from a massive plant in Carlsbad.
But, at the same time, they’re also trying to make more of
it. Dan Denham, the San Diego County Water Authority’s new
general manager, says he wants to expand seawater desalination
not because he thinks San Diego needs more water, but because
he thinks they can sell it and recoup at least a little of the
massive investment local rate payers have made on the plant.
… “We’re looking to expand the plant as an opportunity for
users, whether that’s in southern California or the lower
Colorado River basin,” Denham said.
As salmon and Delta fish populations continue to crash due to
massive water diversions to corporate agribusiness, the
State Water Resources Control Board just issued a public
notice regarding the Delta Conveyance Project Change in Point
of Diversion (CPOD) Petition that was submitted by
the Department of Water Resources (DWR) to the State Water
Board on February 22, 2024. This notice acknowledges receipt of
the change petition and details the process to submit a protest
against the petition. You can expect a wave of formal
protests against the change petition by fishing
groups, Tribes, environmental justice organizations,
conservation groups and Delta region cities and counties.
Protests against the change petition must be filed
by April 29th, 2024, with a copy provided to the petition,
according to the Water Board.
… On Monday, the Upper Colorado River Commission — an
interstate agency composed of one federal representative and
commissioners from the Upper Colorado River Basin states of
Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming — took a step toward
greater collaboration between the states and the
tribes. The commission unanimously approved
a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with six Colorado
River tribes: the Jicarilla Apache Nation, Navajo Nation, Ute
Mountain Ute Indian Tribe, Southern Ute Indian Tribe, Ute
Indian Tribe and the Shivwits Band of Paiutes. The
agreement states that the Upper Colorado River Commission and
the six tribes will meet about every two months to discuss
shared interests on the Colorado River. Other tribes are
welcome to join the agreement. The MOU does not give the
tribes a permanent seat on the Upper Colorado River Commission,
like the states and federal government.
Sprawl development built far from city centers carries direct
and indirect costs that pull resources away from existing
neighborhoods, harming communities and natural habitats,
according to a new report published by the Center for
Biological Diversity. The True Cost of Sprawl analyzed the
environmental harms — including pollution, wildfire risks and
public health threats — that come with poor land-use decisions.
It found that suburban and exurban housing developments
increase per capita infrastructure costs by 50%, pulling public
funds from schools, parks, public transportation and other
needs in existing communities for things like new roads and
sewer systems.
It’s difficult to build big water infrastructure projects in
California. It takes collaboration and agreement across
geographic and political divides. It takes time, funding, and
the will of diverse stakeholders to advance solutions to
address our state’s biggest water challenges. When you have a
project that boasts all the above, you can get the job done.
For us, that project is Sites Reservoir. Sites Reservoir is a
new way of capturing and storing water – rather than damming a
major river, the proposal involves utilizing existing
infrastructure to convey and store water off-stream and deliver
it back into the system when it’s needed the most. When
flows are high on the Sacramento River – and once all other
senior water rights are met – a portion of the water will be
piped into Sites Reservoir. -Written by Congressman Mike Thompson,
representing California’s 4th Congressional District;
and Congressman Doug LaMalfa, lifelong farmer representing
California’s 1st Congressional District, which includes the
physical footprint of Sites Reservoir.
So many hurdles are impacting new home construction, yet one is
quickly growing more urgent and critical—access to water. In
more and more places across the country, access to healthy,
safe, and sustainable water supply is causing restrictions on
new home building permits and challenging current homeowners
with new water use policies. This challenge is triggering
states and municipalities to reconsider new developments,
halting them or shutting them down completely at a time when
housing supply is at critically low levels. Groundwater
shortages have shut down new permits in parts of Arizona where
new homes would rely on wells. A large development with
thousands of homes north of Las Vegas also was shut down due to
concerns over water supply. -By Jennifer Castenson, vice-president of ambassador
and industry partner programs at Buildxact, providing
leadership and collaboration across the various verticals
involved in custom homebuilding and remodeling.
After a series of atmospheric river storms dumped record levels
of rain on Southern California, the region’s largest natural
freshwater lake has recovered in a major way. As of last week,
Lake Elsinore was deeper than it had been since June 2011,
according to data from the Elsinore Valley Municipal Water
District. Years of drought and the occasional wet winter have
caused wide variations in the lake’s depth. At 1,248 feet above
sea level, the lake is now more than 10 feet deeper than it was
in July 2022, and almost 15 feet deeper than at its lowest
recent point, in November 2018.
After a wet year and a push to conserve water in the Southwest,
federal officials say the risk of the Colorado River’s
reservoirs declining to critically low levels has substantially
eased for the next couple of years. The Biden administration’s
top water and climate officials said the rise in reservoir
levels and the ongoing conservation efforts will provide some
breathing room for the region’s water managers to come up with
new long-term rules to address the river’s chronic
overallocation problem and the worsening effects of climate
change. … The states proposed the short-term cuts to
deal with water shortages through 2026, when the current rules
for managing the river expire. The Bureau of Reclamation
released its final analysis of the water reductions
on Tuesday …
A monster blizzard that blasted California’s Sierra Nevada with
gusts of up to 190 mph and dumped more than 10 feet of snow
over the weekend shattered the state’s “snow
drought” and significantly boosted vital snowpack
levels. The statewide snowpack by Monday had swelled to
104% of normal for the date, with a snow water equivalent of
24.4 inches. On Thursday — hours before the chilly winter
storm was set to hit — the snowpack had measured only
80% of normal. It was an impressive turnaround compared with
the beginning of the year when the snowpack was 32% of
normal. Officials were optimistic the blizzard would offer
a significant snow boost. It ended up being a game-changer.
Learn the history and challenges facing the West’s most dramatic
and developed river.
The Layperson’s Guide to the Colorado River Basin introduces the
1,450-mile river that sustains 40 million people and millions of
acres of farmland spanning seven states and parts of northern
Mexico.
The 28-page primer explains how the river’s water is shared and
managed as the Southwest transitions to a hotter and drier
climate.
Moab is a growing town of 5,300 that up to 5 million people
visit each year to hike nearby Arches and Canyonlands national
parks, ride mountain bikes and all-terrain vehicles, or raft
the Colorado River. Like any western resort town, it
desperately needs affordable housing. What locals say it
doesn’t need is a high-end development on a sandbar projecting
into the Colorado River, where groves of cottonwoods, willows
and hackberries flourish. “Delusional,” shameful” or
“outrageous” is what many locals call this Kane Creek
Preservation and Development project. - Written by Mary Moran, a contributor to Writers on
the Range
After more than two decades of
drought, water utilities serving the largest urban regions in the
arid Southwest are embracing a drought-proof source of drinking
water long considered a supply of last resort: purified sewage.
Water supplies have tightened to the point that Phoenix and the
water supplier for 19 million Southern California residents are
racing to adopt an expensive technology called “direct potable
reuse” or “advanced purification” to reduce their reliance on
imported water from the dwindling Colorado River.
The climate-driven shrinking of the
Colorado River is expanding the influence of Native American
tribes over how the river’s flows are divided among cities, farms
and reservations across the Southwest.
The tribes are seeing the value of their largely unused river
water entitlements rise as the Colorado dwindles, and they are
gaining seats they’ve never had at the water bargaining table as
government agencies try to redress a legacy of exclusion.
A new but little-known change in
California law designating aquifers as “natural infrastructure”
promises to unleash a flood of public funding for projects that
increase the state’s supply of groundwater.
The change is buried in a sweeping state budget-related law,
enacted in July, that also makes it easier for property owners
and water managers to divert floodwater for storage underground.
A new underground mapping technology
that reveals the best spots for storing surplus water in
California’s Central Valley is providing a big boost to the
state’s most groundwater-dependent communities.
The maps provided by the California Department of Water Resources
for the first time pinpoint paleo valleys and similar prime
underground storage zones traditionally found with some guesswork
by drilling exploratory wells and other more time-consuming
manual methods. The new maps are drawn from data on the
composition of underlying rock and soil gathered by low-flying
helicopters towing giant magnets.
The unique peeks below ground are saving water agencies’
resources and allowing them to accurately devise ways to capture
water from extreme storms and soak or inject the surplus
underground for use during the next drought.
“Understanding where you’re putting and taking water from really
helps, versus trying to make multimillion-dollar decisions based
on a thumb and which way the wind is blowing,” said Aaron Fukuda,
general manager of the Tulare Irrigation District, an early
adopter of the airborne electromagnetic or
AEM technology in California.
Much of California’s water supply
originates in the Sierra Nevada, making it dependent on the
health of forests. But those forests are suffering from
widespread tree mortality and other ecosystem degradation
resulting mostly from the growing frequency and severity
of droughts and wildfires.
The states of the Lower Colorado
River Basin have traditionally played an oversized role in
tapping the lifeline that supplies 40 million people in the West.
California, Nevada and Arizona were quicker to build major canals
and dams and negotiated a landmark deal that requires the Upper
Basin to send predictable flows through the Grand Canyon, even
during dry years.
But with the federal government threatening unprecedented water
cuts amid decades of drought and declining reservoirs, the Upper
Basin states of Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico are
muscling up to protect their shares of an overallocated river
whose average flows in the Upper Basin have already dropped
20 percent over the last century.
They have formed new agencies to better monitor their interests,
moved influential Colorado River veterans into top negotiating
posts and improved their relationships with Native American
tribes that also hold substantial claims to the river.
This tour explored the lower Colorado River firsthand where virtually every drop of the river is allocated, yet demand is growing from myriad sources — increasing population, declining habitat, drought and climate change.
The 1,450-mile river is a lifeline to some 40 million people in the Southwest across seven states, 30 tribal nations and Mexico. How the Lower Basin states – Arizona, California and Nevada – use and manage this water to meet agricultural, urban, environmental and industrial needs was the focus of this tour.
Hilton Garden Inn Las Vegas Strip South
7830 S Las Vegas Blvd
Las Vegas, NV 89123
It was exactly the sort of deluge
California groundwater agencies have been counting on to
replenish their overworked aquifers.
The start of 2023 brought a parade of torrential Pacific storms
to bone dry California. Snow piled up across the Sierra Nevada at
a near-record pace while runoff from the foothills gushed into
the Central Valley, swelling rivers over their banks and filling
seasonal creeks for the first time in half a decade.
Suddenly, water managers and farmers toiling in one of the
state’s most groundwater-depleted regions had an opportunity to
capture stormwater and bank it underground. Enterprising agencies
diverted water from rushing rivers and creeks into manmade
recharge basins or intentionally flooded orchards and farmland.
Others snagged temporary permits from the state to pull from
streams they ordinarily couldn’t touch.
This special Foundation water tour journeyed along the Eastern Sierra from the Truckee River to Mono Lake, through the Owens Valley and into the Mojave Desert to explore a major source of water for Southern California, this year’s snowpack and challenges for towns, farms and the environment.
Growing up in the shadow of the
Rocky Mountains, Andrew Schwartz never missed an opportunity to
play in – or study – a Colorado snowstorm. During major
blizzards, he would traipse out into the icy wind and heavy
drifts of snow pretending to be a scientist researching in
Antarctica.
Decades later, still armed with an obsession for extreme weather,
Schwartz has landed in one of the snowiest places in the West,
leading a research lab whose mission is to give California water
managers instant information on the depth and quality of snow
draping the slopes of the Sierra Nevada.
When the Colorado River Compact was
signed 100 years ago, the negotiators for seven Western states
bet that the river they were dividing would have ample water to
meet everyone’s needs – even those not seated around the table.
A century later, it’s clear the water they bet on is not there.
More than two decades of drought, lake evaporation and overuse of
water have nearly drained the river’s two anchor reservoirs, Lake
Powell on the Arizona-Utah border and Lake Mead near Las Vegas.
Climate change is rendering the basin drier, shrinking spring
runoff that’s vital for river flows, farms, tribes and cities
across the basin – and essential for refilling reservoirs.
The states that endorsed the Colorado River Compact in 1922 – and
the tribes and nation of Mexico that were excluded from the table
– are now straining to find, and perhaps more importantly accept,
solutions on a river that may offer just half of the water that
the Compact assumed would be available. And not only are
solutions not coming easily, the relationships essential for
compromise are getting more frayed.
This tour explored the Sacramento River and its tributaries through a scenic landscape while learning about the issues associated with a key source for the state’s water supply.
All together, the river and its tributaries supply 35 percent of California’s water and feed into two major projects: the State Water Project and the federal Central Valley Project.
Water Education Foundation
2151 River Plaza Drive, Suite 205
Sacramento, CA 95833
The three-year span, 2019 to 2022, was officially the driest ever
statewide going back to 1895 when modern records began in
California. But that most recent period of overall drought
also saw big swings from very wet to very dry stretches such
as the 2021-2022 water year that went from a relatively
wet Oct.-Dec. beginning to the driest Jan.-March period in the
state’s history.
With La Niña conditions predicted to persist into the
winter, what can reliably be said about the prospects for
Water Year 2023? Does La Niña really mean anything for California
or is it all washed up as a predictor in this new reality of
climate whiplash, and has any of this affected our reliance on
historical patterns to forecast California’s water supply?
Participants found out what efforts are being made to
improve sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) precipitation
forecasting for California and the Colorado River Basin at our
one-day Winter Outlook Workshop December
8 in Irvine, CA.
Beckman Center
Huntington Room
100 Academy Way
Irvine, California 92617
With 25 years of experience working
on the Colorado River, Chuck Cullom is used to responding to
myriad challenges that arise on the vital lifeline that seven
states, more than two dozen tribes and the country of Mexico
depend on for water. But this summer problems on the
drought-stressed river are piling up at a dizzying pace:
Reservoirs plummeting to record low levels, whether Hoover Dam
and Glen Canyon Dam can continue to release water and produce
hydropower, unprecedented water cuts and predatory smallmouth
bass threatening native fish species in the Grand Canyon.
“Holy buckets, Batman!,” said Cullom, executive director of the
Upper Colorado River Commission. “I mean, it’s just on and on and
on.”
A pilot program in the Salinas Valley run remotely out of Los Angeles is offering a test case for how California could provide clean drinking water for isolated rural communities plagued by contaminated groundwater that lack the financial means or expertise to connect to a larger water system.
As water interests in the Colorado
River Basin prepare to negotiate a new set of operating
guidelines for the drought-stressed river, Amelia Flores wants
her Colorado River Indian Tribes (CRIT) to be involved in the
discussion. And she wants CRIT seated at the negotiating table
with something invaluable to offer on a river facing steep cuts
in use: its surplus water.
CRIT, whose reservation lands in California and Arizona are
bisected by the Colorado River, has some of the most senior water
rights on the river. But a federal law enacted in the late 1700s,
decades before any southwestern state was established, prevents
most tribes from sending any of its water off its reservation.
The restrictions mean CRIT, which holds the rights to nearly a
quarter of the entire state of Arizona’s yearly allotment of
river water, is missing out on financial gain and the chance to
help its river partners.
Managers of California’s most
overdrawn aquifers were given a monumental task under the state’s
landmark Sustainable Groundwater Management Act: Craft viable,
detailed plans on a 20-year timeline to bring their beleaguered
basins into balance. It was a task that required more than 250
newly formed local groundwater agencies – many of them in the
drought-stressed San Joaquin Valley – to set up shop, gather
data, hear from the public and collaborate with neighbors on
multiple complex plans, often covering just portions of a
groundwater basin.
This tour explored the Sacramento River and its tributaries
through a scenic landscape while learning about the issues
associated with a key source for the state’s water supply.
All together, the river and its tributaries supply 35 percent of
California’s water and feed into two major projects: the State
Water Project and the federal Central Valley Project.
Water Education Foundation
2151 River Plaza Drive, Suite 205
Sacramento, CA 95833
This tour traveled along the San Joaquin River to learn firsthand
about one of the nation’s largest and most expensive river
restoration projects.
The San Joaquin River was the focus of one of the most
contentious legal battles in California water history,
ending in a 2006 settlement between the federal government,
Friant Water Users Authority and a coalition of environmental
groups.
Hampton Inn & Suites Fresno
327 E Fir Ave
Fresno, CA 93720
Momentum is building for a unique
interstate deal that aims to transform wastewater from Southern
California homes and business into relief for the stressed
Colorado River. The collaborative effort to add resiliency to a
river suffering from overuse, drought and climate change is being
shaped across state lines by some of the West’s largest water
agencies.
This tour explored the lower Colorado River firsthand where virtually every drop of the river is allocated, yet demand is growing from myriad sources — increasing population, declining habitat, drought and climate change.
The 1,450-mile river is a lifeline to some 40 million people in the Southwest across seven states, 30 tribal nations and Mexico. How the Lower Basin states – Arizona, California and Nevada – use and manage this water to meet agricultural, urban, environmental and industrial needs was the focus of this tour.
Hyatt Place Las Vegas At Silverton Village
8380 Dean Martin Drive
Las Vegas, NV 89139
This tour ventured through California’s Central Valley, known as the nation’s breadbasket thanks to an imported supply of surface water and local groundwater. Covering about 20,000 square miles through the heart of the state, the valley provides 25 percent of the nation’s food, including 40 percent of all fruits, nuts and vegetables consumed throughout the country.
Climate scientist Brad Udall calls
himself the skunk in the room when it comes to the Colorado
River. Armed with a deck of PowerPoint slides and charts that
highlight the Colorado River’s worsening math, the Colorado State
University scientist offers a grim assessment of the river’s
future: Runoff from the river’s headwaters is declining, less
water is flowing into Lake Powell – the key reservoir near the
Arizona-Utah border – and at the same time, more water is being
released from the reservoir than it can sustainably provide.
The lower Colorado River has virtually every drop allocated, yet demand is growing from myriad sources — increasing population, declining habitat, drought and climate change.
The 1,450-mile river is a lifeline to 40 million people in the Southwest across seven states, 30 tribal nations and Mexico. How the Lower Basin states – Arizona, California and Nevada – use and manage this water to meet agricultural, urban, environmental and industrial needs was the focus of this tour.
Hyatt Place Las Vegas At Silverton Village
8380 Dean Martin Drive
Las Vegas, NV 89139
For more than 20 years, Tanya
Trujillo has been immersed in the many challenges of the Colorado
River, the drought-stressed lifeline for 40 million people from
Denver to Los Angeles and the source of irrigation water for more
than 5 million acres of winter lettuce, supermarket melons and
other crops.
Trujillo has experience working in both the Upper and Lower
Basins of the Colorado River, basins that split the river’s water
evenly but are sometimes at odds with each other. She was a
lawyer for the state of New Mexico, one of four states in the
Upper Colorado River Basin, when key operating guidelines for
sharing shortages on the river were negotiated in 2007. She later
worked as executive director for the Colorado River Board of
California, exposing her to the different perspectives and
challenges facing California and the other states in the river’s
Lower Basin.
This tour guided participants on a virtual exploration of the Sacramento River and its tributaries and learn about the issues associated with a key source for the state’s water supply.
All together, the river and its tributaries supply 35 percent of California’s water and feed into two major projects: the State Water Project and the federal Central Valley Project.
This tour guided participants on a virtual journey deep into California’s most crucial water and ecological resource – the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The 720,000-acre network of islands and canals support the state’s two major water systems – the State Water Project and the Central Valley Project. The Delta and the connecting San Francisco Bay form the largest freshwater tidal estuary of its kind on the West coast.
Las Vegas, known for its searing summertime heat and glitzy casino fountains, is projected to get even hotter in the coming years as climate change intensifies. As temperatures rise, possibly as much as 10 degrees by end of the century, according to some models, water demand for the desert community is expected to spike. That is not good news in a fast-growing region that depends largely on a limited supply of water from an already drought-stressed Colorado River.
On average, more than 60 percent of
California’s developed water supply originates in the Sierra
Nevada and the southern spur of the Cascade Range. Our water
supply is largely dependent on the health of our Sierra forests,
which are suffering from ecosystem degradation, drought,
wildfires and widespread tree mortality.
This tour ventured into the Sierra to examine water issues
that happen upstream but have dramatic impacts downstream and
throughout the state.
When you oversee the largest
supplier of treated water in the United States, you tend to think
big.
Jeff Kightlinger, general manager of the Metropolitan Water
District of Southern California for the last 15 years, has
focused on diversifying his agency’s water supply and building
security through investment. That means looking beyond MWD’s
borders to ensure the reliable delivery of water to two-thirds of
California’s population.
As California slowly emerges from
the depths of the COVID-19 pandemic, one remnant left behind by
the statewide lockdown offers a sobering reminder of the economic
challenges still ahead for millions of the state’s residents and
the water agencies that serve them – a mountain of water debt.
Water affordability concerns, long an issue in a state where
millions of people struggle to make ends meet, jumped into
overdrive last year as the pandemic wrenched the economy. Jobs
were lost and household finances were upended. Even with federal
stimulus aid and unemployment checks, bills fell by the wayside.
As California’s seasons become
warmer and drier, state officials are pondering whether the water
rights permitting system needs revising to better reflect the
reality of climate change’s effect on the timing and volume of
the state’s water supply.
A report by the State Water Resources Control Board recommends
that new water rights permits be tailored to California’s
increasingly volatile hydrology and be adaptable enough to ensure
water exists to meet an applicant’s demand. And it warns
that the increasingly whiplash nature of California’s changing
climate could require existing rights holders to curtail
diversions more often and in more watersheds — or open
opportunities to grab more water in climate-induced floods.
This beautifully illustrated 24×36-inch poster, suitable for
framing and display in any office or classroom, highlights the
Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, its place as a center of
farming, its importance as an ecological resource and its
vital role in California’s water supply system.
The text, photos and graphics explain issues related to land
subsidence, levees and flooding, urbanization, farming, fish and
wildlife protection. An inset map illustrates the tidal action
that increases the salinity of the Delta’s waterways.
A government agency that controls much of California’s water
supply released its initial allocation for 2021, and the
numbers reinforced fears that the state is falling into another
drought. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation said Tuesday that most
of the water agencies that rely on the Central Valley Project
will get just 5% of their contract supply, a dismally low
number. Although the figure could grow if California gets more
rain and snow, the allocation comes amid fresh weather
forecasts suggesting the dry winter is continuing. The National
Weather Service says the Sacramento Valley will be warm and
windy the next few days, with no rain in the forecast.
Members of the 2020 Water Leaders class examined how
to adapt water management to climate change. Read their
policy recommendations in the class report, Adapting
California Water Management to Climate Change: Charting a Path
Forward, to learn more.
Twenty years ago, the Colorado River
Basin’s hydrology began tumbling into a historically bad stretch.
The weather turned persistently dry. Water levels in the system’s
anchor reservoirs of Lake Powell and Lake Mead plummeted. A river
system relied upon by nearly 40 million people, farms and
ecosystems across the West was in trouble. And there was no guide
on how to respond.
Radically transformed from its ancient origin as a vast tidal-influenced freshwater marsh, the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ecosystem is in constant flux, influenced by factors within the estuary itself and the massive watersheds that drain though it into the Pacific Ocean.
Lately, however, scientists say the rate of change has kicked into overdrive, fueled in part by climate change, and is limiting the ability of science and Delta water managers to keep up. The rapid pace of upheaval demands a new way of conducting science and managing water in the troubled estuary.
Colorado is home to the headwaters
of the Colorado River and the water policy decisions made in the
Centennial State reverberate throughout the river’s sprawling
basin that stretches south to Mexico. The stakes are huge in a
basin that serves 40 million people, and responding to the water
needs of the economy, productive agriculture, a robust
recreational industry and environmental protection takes
expertise, leadership and a steady hand.
Sprawled across a desert expanse
along the Utah-Arizona border, Lake Powell’s nearly 100-foot high
bathtub ring etched on its sandstone walls belie the challenges
of a major Colorado River reservoir at less than half-full. How
those challenges play out as demand grows for the river’s water
amid a changing climate is fueling simmering questions about
Powell’s future.
Voluntary agreements in California
have been touted as an innovative and flexible way to improve
environmental conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
and the rivers that feed it. The goal is to provide river flows
and habitat for fish while still allowing enough water to be
diverted for farms and cities in a way that satisfies state
regulators.
This event explored the lower Colorado River where virtually every drop of the river is allocated, yet demand is growing from myriad sources — increasing population, declining habitat, drought and climate change.
The 1,450-mile river is a lifeline to 40 million people in the Southwest across seven states and Mexico. How the Lower Basin states – Arizona, California and Nevada – use and manage this water to meet agricultural, urban, environmental and industrial needs was the focus of this tour.
The Colorado River is arguably one
of the hardest working rivers on the planet, supplying water to
40 million people and a large agricultural economy in the West.
But it’s under duress from two decades of drought and decisions
made about its management will have exceptional ramifications for
the future, especially as impacts from climate change are felt.
Every other year we hold an
invitation-only Colorado River Symposium attended by various
stakeholders from across the seven Western states and Mexico that
rely on the iconic river. We host this three-day event in Santa
Fe, N.M., where the 1922 Colorado River Compact was signed, as
part of our mission to catalyze critical conversations to build
bridges and inform collaborative decision-making.
Members of the 2019 Water Leaders class examined the
emerging issue of wildfire impacts on California’s water
supply and quality. Read their policy recommendations in the
class report, Fire and Water: An Emerging Nexus in
California, to learn more.
Many of California’s watersheds are
notoriously flashy – swerving from below-average flows to jarring
flood conditions in quick order. The state needs all the water it
can get from storms, but current flood management guidelines are
strict and unyielding, requiring reservoirs to dump water each
winter to make space for flood flows that may not come.
However, new tools and operating methods are emerging that could
lead the way to a redefined system that improves both water
supply and flood protection capabilities.
It’s been a year since two devastating wildfires on opposite ends
of California underscored the harsh new realities facing water
districts and cities serving communities in or adjacent to the
state’s fire-prone wildlands. Fire doesn’t just level homes, it
can contaminate water, scorch watersheds, damage delivery systems
and upend an agency’s finances.
California is chock full of rivers and creeks, yet the state’s network of stream gauges has significant gaps that limit real-time tracking of how much water is flowing downstream, information that is vital for flood protection, forecasting water supplies and knowing what the future might bring.
That network of stream gauges got a big boost Sept. 30 with the signing of SB 19. Authored by Sen. Bill Dodd (D-Napa), the law requires the state to develop a stream gauge deployment plan, focusing on reactivating existing gauges that have been offline for lack of funding and other reasons. Nearly half of California’s stream gauges are dormant.
To survive the next drought and meet
the looming demands of the state’s groundwater sustainability
law, California is going to have to put more water back in the
ground. But as other Western states have found, recharging
overpumped aquifers is no easy task.
Successfully recharging aquifers could bring multiple benefits
for farms and wildlife and help restore the vital interconnection
between groundwater and rivers or streams. As local areas around
California draft their groundwater sustainability plans, though,
landowners in the hardest hit regions of the state know they will
have to reduce pumping to address the chronic overdraft in which
millions of acre-feet more are withdrawn than are naturally
recharged.
The southern part of California’s Central Coast from San Luis Obispo County to Ventura County, home to about 1.5 million people, is blessed with a pleasing Mediterranean climate and a picturesque terrain. Yet while its unique geography abounds in beauty, the area perpetually struggles with drought.
Indeed, while the rest of California breathed a sigh of relief with the return of wet weather after the severe drought of 2012–2016, places such as Santa Barbara still grappled with dry conditions.
The majestic beauty of the Sierra
Nevada forest is awe-inspiring, but beneath the dazzling blue
sky, there is a problem: A century of fire suppression and
logging practices have left trees too close together. Millions of
trees have died, stricken by drought and beetle infestation.
Combined with a forest floor cluttered with dry brush and debris,
it’s a wildfire waiting to happen.
Fires devastate the Sierra watersheds upon which millions of
Californians depend — scorching the ground, unleashing a
battering ram of debris and turning hillsides into gelatinous,
stream-choking mudflows.
High in the headwaters of the Colorado River, around the hamlet of Kremmling, Colorado, generations of families have made ranching and farming a way of life, their hay fields and cattle sustained by the river’s flow. But as more water was pulled from the river and sent over the Continental Divide to meet the needs of Denver and other cities on the Front Range, less was left behind to meet the needs of ranchers and fish.
“What used to be a very large river that inundated the land has really become a trickle,” said Mely Whiting, Colorado counsel for Trout Unlimited. “We estimate that 70 percent of the flow on an annual average goes across the Continental Divide and never comes back.”
Registration opens today for the
Water Education Foundation’s 36th annual Water
Summit, set for Oct. 30 in Sacramento. This year’s
theme, Water Year 2020: A Year of Reckoning,
reflects fast-approaching deadlines for the State Groundwater
Management Act as well as the pressing need for new approaches to
water management as California and the West weather intensified
flooding, fire and drought. To register for this can’t-miss
event, visit our Water Summit
event page.
Registration includes a full day of discussions by leading
stakeholders and policymakers on key issues, as well as coffee,
materials, gourmet lunch and an outdoor reception by the
Sacramento River that will offer the opportunity to network with
speakers and other attendees. The summit also features a silent
auction to benefit our Water Leaders program featuring
items up for bid such as kayaking trips, hotel stays and lunches
with key people in the water world.
Summer is a good time to take a
break, relax and enjoy some of the great beaches, waterways and
watersheds around California and the West. We hope you’re getting
a chance to do plenty of that this July.
But in the weekly sprint through work, it’s easy to miss
some interesting nuggets you might want to read. So while we’re
taking a publishing break to work on other water articles planned
for later this year, we want to help you catch up on
Western Water stories from the first half of this year
that you might have missed.
Our 36th annual
Water Summit,
happening Oct. 30 in Sacramento, will feature the theme “Water
Year 2020: A Year of Reckoning,” reflecting upcoming regulatory
deadlines and efforts to improve water management and policy in
the face of natural disasters.
The Summit will feature top policymakers and leading stakeholders
providing the latest information and a variety of viewpoints on
issues affecting water across California and the West.
New to this year’s slate of water
tours, our Edge of
Drought Tour Aug. 27-29 will venture into the Santa
Barbara area to learn about the challenges of limited local
surface and groundwater supplies and the solutions being
implemented to address them.
Despite Santa Barbara County’s decision to lift a drought
emergency declaration after this winter’s storms replenished
local reservoirs, the region’s hydrologic recovery often has
lagged behind much of the rest of the state.
Californians have been doing an
exceptional job
reducing their indoor water use, helping the state survive
the most recent drought when water districts were required to
meet conservation targets. With more droughts inevitable,
Californians are likely to face even greater calls to save water
in the future.
We have an unknown distance yet to run, an unknown river to explore. What falls there are, we know not; what rocks beset the channel, we know not; what walls ride over the river, we know not. Ah, well! We may conjecture many things.
~John Wesley Powell
Powell scrawled those words in his journal as he and his expedition paddled their way into the deep walls of the Grand Canyon on a stretch of the Colorado River in August 1869. Three months earlier, the 10-man group had set out on their exploration of the iconic Southwest river by hauling their wooden boats into a major tributary of the Colorado, the Green River in Wyoming, for their trip into the “great unknown,” as Powell described it.
Sixty percent of California’s
developed water supply originates high in the Sierra Nevada,
making the state’s water supply largely dependent on the health
of Sierra forests. But those forests are suffering from ecosystem
degradation, drought, wildfires and widespread tree mortality.
On our Headwaters Tour
June 27-28, we will visit Eldorado and Tahoe national forests to
learn about new forest management practices, including efforts to
both prevent wildfires and recover from them.
Even as stakeholders in the Colorado River Basin celebrate the recent completion of an unprecedented drought plan intended to stave off a crashing Lake Mead, there is little time to rest. An even larger hurdle lies ahead as they prepare to hammer out the next set of rules that could vastly reshape the river’s future.
Set to expire in 2026, the current guidelines for water deliveries and shortage sharing, launched in 2007 amid a multiyear drought, were designed to prevent disputes that could provoke conflict.
One of California Gov. Gavin
Newsom’s first actions after taking office was to appoint Wade
Crowfoot as Natural Resources Agency secretary. Then, within
weeks, the governor laid out an ambitious water agenda that
Crowfoot, 45, is now charged with executing.
That agenda includes the governor’s desire for a “fresh approach”
on water, scaling back the conveyance plan in the Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta and calling for more water recycling, expanded
floodplains in the Central Valley and more groundwater recharge.
Bruce Babbitt, the former Arizona
governor and secretary of the Interior, has been a thoughtful,
provocative and sometimes forceful voice in some of the most
high-profile water conflicts over the last 40 years, including
groundwater management in Arizona and the reduction of
California’s take of the Colorado River. In 2016, former
California Gov. Jerry Brown named Babbitt as a special adviser to
work on matters relating to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and
the Delta tunnels plan.
Groundwater helped make Kern County
the king of California agricultural production, with a $7 billion
annual array of crops that help feed the nation. That success has
come at a price, however. Decades of unchecked groundwater
pumping in the county and elsewhere across the state have left
some aquifers severely depleted. Now, the county’s water managers
have less than a year left to devise a plan that manages and
protects groundwater for the long term, yet ensures that Kern
County’s economy can continue to thrive, even with less water.
For the bulk of her career, Jayne
Harkins has devoted her energy to issues associated with the
management of the Colorado River, both with the U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation and with the Colorado River Commission of Nevada.
Now her career is taking a different direction. Harkins, 58, was
appointed by President Trump last August to take the helm of the
United States section of the U.S.-Mexico agency that oversees
myriad water matters between the two countries as they seek to
sustainably manage the supply and water quality of the Colorado
River, including its once-thriving Delta in Mexico, and other
rivers the two countries share. She is the first woman to be
named the U.S. Commissioner of the International Boundary and
Water Commission for either the United States or Mexico in the
commission’s 129-year history.
This tour explored the lower Colorado River where virtually every drop of the river is allocated, yet demand is growing from myriad sources — increasing population, declining habitat, drought and climate change.
The 1,450-mile river is a lifeline to 40 million people in the Southwest across seven states and Mexico. How the Lower Basin states – Arizona, California and Nevada – use and manage this water to meet agricultural, urban, environmental and industrial needs is the focus of this tour.
Silverton Hotel
3333 Blue Diamond Road
Las Vegas, NV 89139
Although Santa Monica may be the most aggressive Southern California water provider to wean itself from imported supplies, it is hardly the only one looking to remake its water portfolio.
In Los Angeles, a city of about 4 million people, efforts are underway to dramatically slash purchases of imported water while boosting the amount from recycling, stormwater capture, groundwater cleanup and conservation. Mayor Eric Garcetti in 2014 announced a plan to reduce the city’s purchase of imported water from Metropolitan Water District by one-half by 2025 and to provide one-half of the city’s supply from local sources by 2035. (The city considers its Eastern Sierra supplies as imported water.)
Imported water from the Sierra
Nevada and the Colorado River built Southern California. Yet as
drought, climate change and environmental concerns render those
supplies increasingly at risk, the Southland’s cities have ramped
up their efforts to rely more on local sources and less on
imported water.
Far and away the most ambitious goal has been set by the city of
Santa Monica, which in 2014 embarked on a course to be virtually
water independent through local sources by 2023. In the 1990s,
Santa Monica was completely dependent on imported water. Now, it
derives more than 70 percent of its water locally.
The whims of political fate decided
in 2018 that state bond money would not be forthcoming to help
repair the subsidence-damaged parts of Friant-Kern Canal, the
152-mile conduit that conveys water from the San Joaquin River to
farms that fuel a multibillion-dollar agricultural economy along
the east side of the fertile San Joaquin Valley.
The growing leadership of women in water. The Colorado River’s persistent drought and efforts to sign off on a plan to avert worse shortfalls of water from the river. And in California’s Central Valley, promising solutions to vexing water resource challenges.
These were among the topics that Western Water news explored in 2018.
We’re already planning a full slate of stories for 2019. You can sign up here to be alerted when new stories are published. In the meantime, take a look at what we dove into in 2018:
As stakeholders labor to nail down
effective and durable drought contingency plans for the Colorado
River Basin, they face a stark reality: Scientific research is
increasingly pointing to even drier, more challenging times
ahead.
The latest sobering assessment landed the day after Thanksgiving,
when U.S. Global Change Research Program’s Fourth National Climate
Assessment concluded that Earth’s climate is changing rapidly
compared to the pace of natural variations that have occurred
throughout its history, with greenhouse gas emissions largely the
cause.
This 2-day, 1-night tour offered participants the opportunity to
learn about water issues affecting California’s scenic Central
Coast and efforts to solve some of the challenges of a region
struggling to be sustainable with limited local supplies that
have potential applications statewide.
The 1992 election to the United
States Senate was famously coined the “Year of the Woman” for the
record number of women elected to the upper chamber.
In the water world, 2018 has been a similar banner year, with
noteworthy appointments of women to top leadership posts in
California — Karla Nemeth at the California Department of Water
Resources and Gloria Gray at the Metropolitan Water District of
Southern California.
The 2018 Water Leaders class examined ways to improve water
management through data. Read their recommendations in the class
report, Catch the Data Wave: Improving Water Management
through Data.
In the universe of California water, Tim Quinn is a professor emeritus. Quinn has seen — and been a key player in — a lot of major California water issues since he began his water career 40 years ago as a young economist with the Rand Corporation, then later as deputy general manager with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and finally as executive director of the Association of California Water Agencies. In December, the 66-year-old will retire from ACWA.
As the Colorado River Basin becomes
drier and shortage conditions loom, one great variable remains:
How much of the river’s water belongs to Native American tribes?
Native Americans already use water from the Colorado River and
its tributaries for a variety of purposes, including leasing it
to non-Indian users. But some tribes aren’t using their full
federal Indian reserved water right and others have water rights
claims that have yet to be resolved. Combined, tribes have rights
to more water than some states in the Colorado River Basin.
Just because El Niño may be lurking
off in the tropical Pacific, does that really offer much of a
clue about what kind of rainy season California can expect in
Water Year 2019?
Will a river of storms pound the state, swelling streams and
packing the mountains with deep layers of heavy snow much like
the exceptionally wet 2017 Water Year (Oct. 1, 2016 to Sept. 30,
2017)? Or will this winter sputter along like last winter,
leaving California with a second dry year and the possibility of
another potential drought? What can reliably be said about the
prospects for Water Year 2019?
At Water Year
2019: Feast or Famine?, a one-day event on Dec. 5 in Irvine,
water managers and anyone else interested in this topic will
learn about what is and isn’t known about forecasting
California’s winter precipitation weeks to months ahead, the
skill of present forecasts and ongoing research to develop
predictive ability.
In 1983, a landmark California Supreme Court ruling extended the public trust doctrine to tributary creeks that feed Mono Lake, which is a navigable water body even though the creeks themselves were not. The ruling marked a dramatic shift in water law and forced Los Angeles to cut back its take of water from those creeks in the Eastern Sierra to preserve the lake.
Now, a state appellate court has for the first time extended that same public trust doctrine to groundwater that feeds a navigable river, in this case the Scott River flowing through a picturesque valley of farms and alfalfa in Siskiyou County in the northern reaches of California.
This tour explored the Sacramento River and its tributaries
through a scenic landscape as participants learned about the
issues associated with a key source for the state’s water supply.
All together, the river and its tributaries supply 35 percent of
California’s water and feed into two major projects: the State
Water Project and the federal Central Valley Project. Tour
participants got an on-site update of Oroville Dam spillway
repairs.
“Dry, hot and on fire” is how the
California Department of Water Resources described Water Year
2018 in a recent report.
Water Year 2018 – from Oct. 1, 2017 to Sept. 30, 2018 -
marked a return to dry conditions statewide following an
exceptionally wet 2017, according to DWR’s Water
Year 2018 report. But 2017 was exceptional as all but two of
the water years in the past decade experienced drought.
Was Water Year 2018 simply a single dry year or does it
signal the beginning of another drought? And what can
reliably be said about the prospects for Water Year 2019? Does El
Niño really mean anything for California or is it all washed up
as a predictor?
Attendees found out at this one-day event Dec. 5 in
Irvine, Water Year 2019: Feast or
Famine?
Beckman Center
Auditorium - Huntington Room
100 Academy Way
Irvine, California 92617
There’s going to be a new governor
in California next year – and a host of challenges both old and
new involving the state’s most vital natural resource, water.
So what should be the next governor’s water priorities?
That was one of the questions put to more than 150 participants
during a wrap-up session at the end of the Water Education
Foundation’s Sept. 20 Water Summit in Sacramento.
People in California and the
Southwest are getting stingier with water, a story that’s told by
the acre-foot.
For years, water use has generally been described in terms of
acre-foot per a certain number of households, keying off the
image of an acre-foot as a football field a foot deep in water.
The long-time rule of thumb: One acre-foot of water would supply
the indoor and outdoor needs of two typical urban households for
a year.
The Colorado River Basin is more
than likely headed to unprecedented shortage in 2020 that could
force supply cuts to some states, but work is “furiously”
underway to reduce the risk and avert a crisis, Bureau of
Reclamation Commissioner Brenda Burman told an audience of
California water industry people.
During a keynote address at the Water Education Foundation’s
Sept. 20 Water Summit in Sacramento, Burman said there is
opportunity for Colorado River Basin states to control their
destiny, but acknowledged that in water, there are no guarantees
that agreement can be reached.
An hour’s drive north of Sacramento sits a picture-perfect valley hugging the eastern foothills of Northern California’s Coast Range, with golden hills framing grasslands mostly used for cattle grazing.
Back in the late 1800s, pioneer John Sites built his ranch there and a small township, now gone, bore his name. Today, the community of a handful of families and ranchers still maintains a proud heritage.
Farmers in the Central Valley are broiling about California’s plan to increase flows in the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems to help struggling salmon runs avoid extinction. But in one corner of the fertile breadbasket, River Garden Farms is taking part in some extraordinary efforts to provide the embattled fish with refuge from predators and enough food to eat.
And while there is no direct benefit to one farm’s voluntary actions, the belief is what’s good for the fish is good for the farmers.
Amy Haas recently became the first non-engineer and the first woman to serve as executive director of the Upper Colorado River Commission in its 70-year history, putting her smack in the center of a host of daunting challenges facing the Upper Colorado River Basin.
Yet those challenges will be quite familiar to Haas, an attorney who for the past year has served as deputy director and general counsel of the commission. (She replaced longtime Executive Director Don Ostler). She has a long history of working within interstate Colorado River governance, including representing New Mexico as its Upper Colorado River commissioner and playing a central role in the negotiation of the recently signed U.S.-Mexico agreement known as Minute 323.
Sixty percent of California’s developed water supply
originates high in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Our water
supply is largely dependent on the health of our Sierra forests,
which are suffering from ecosystem degradation, drought,
wildfires and widespread tree mortality.
We headed into the foothills and the mountains to examine
water issues that happen upstream but have dramatic impacts
downstream and throughout the state.
GEI (Tour Starting Point)
2868 Prospect Park Dr.
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670.
New water storage is the holy grail
primarily for agricultural interests in California, and in 2014
the door to achieving long-held ambitions opened with the passage
of Proposition
1, which included $2.7 billion for the public benefits
portion of new reservoirs and groundwater storage projects. The
statute stipulated that the money is specifically for the
benefits that a new storage project would offer to the ecosystem,
water quality, flood control, emergency response and recreation.
Nowhere is the domino effect in
Western water policy played out more than on the Colorado River,
and specifically when it involves the Lower Basin states of
California, Nevada and Arizona. We are seeing that play out now
as the three states strive to forge a Drought Contingency Plan.
Yet that plan can’t be finalized until Arizona finds a unifying
voice between its major water players, an effort you can read
more about in the latest in-depth article of Western Water.
Even then, there are some issues to resolve just within
California.
It’s high-stakes time in Arizona. The state that depends on the
Colorado River to help supply its cities and farms — and is
first in line to absorb a shortage — is seeking a unified plan
for water supply management to join its Lower Basin neighbors,
California and Nevada, in a coordinated plan to preserve water
levels in Lake Mead before
they run too low.
If the lake’s elevation falls below 1,075 feet above sea level,
the secretary of the Interior would declare a shortage and
Arizona’s deliveries of Colorado River water would be reduced by
320,000 acre-feet. Arizona says that’s enough to serve about 1
million households in one year.
As California embarks on its unprecedented mission to harness groundwater pumping, the Arizona desert may provide one guide that local managers can look to as they seek to arrest years of overdraft.
Groundwater is stressed by a demand that often outpaces natural and artificial recharge. In California, awareness of groundwater’s importance resulted in the landmark Sustainable Groundwater Management Act in 2014 that aims to have the most severely depleted basins in a state of balance in about 20 years.
