Amazon is expanding the number of locations that will use
treated wastewater for data center cooling from 20 to 120. The
company this week announced it will expand its use of water
recycling to more than 120 locations in states and counties
where the cloud giant has data center operations by 2030.
… Though data centers typically reuse water by
recirculating the same water through their cooling systems
multiple times, it is often drawn from potable (drinkable)
sources. As the water can collect bacteria and limescale, it is
treated with chemicals, leaving it unsuitable for people to
drink once it leaves the facility. Exactly how much drinkable
water the data center industry uses is unclear, but estimated
to be in the billions of gallons annually. Today, Amazon
uses recycled water instead of potable or drinkable water
across 20 locations; 16 in Virginia and four in Santa Clara in
California.
Water scarcity, population growth and climate change are on a
collision course in the American West. That’s clear in cities
like St. George, a desert community surrounded by stunning red
rock cliffs and mesas in Utah’s southwest corner. The
population is booming and climate change is making heat more
intense and rain less reliable. But local leaders have a plan
to stretch the area’s water supply by turning to its sewage — a
solution that could help other drought-stricken cities,
too. … Reusing water that would have otherwise flowed
downstream to Lake Mead — the nation’s largest reservoir — is
the centerpiece of the district’s long-term water plan. But it
will come at a steep cost: over a billion dollars. … St.
George’s quandary is a microcosm of the challenges cities face
across the Western U.S. as overuse and drought strain the
Colorado River and the basin’s seven states fight over how the
river’s water gets distributed in the future.
… The Groundwater Replenishment System facility in Orange
County, California, houses the pipes, filters and pumps to move
up to 130m gallons each day – enough for 1 million people –
processing it from dark to clear. The facility, which opened in
2008, is part of broader moves to help conserve water.
… The idea is to take the water from the sanitation
district next door and to push it through a three-step process
– microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet light
purification – to make clean water. The facility provides 45%
of central Orange County’s water and helps manage storm water
inflows and reduce reliance on imported water. … In
general, once sewage has been treated, the water is returned to
our rivers, but extreme droughts and climate breakdown are
pushing cities to consider using recycled sewage for drinking
water. It is already done in Israel, Singapore and Kuwait, but
Orange County has been a US pioneer in this area, hoping to
reduce dependence on water piped from faraway rivers or pumped
from shrinking aquifers under the ground.
As two landmark water recycling projects slowly move forward,
officials want to hear from you. First up: the city of
L.A.’s effort to convert the Hyperion wastewater treatment
plant. The goal is to recycle all that treated wastewater that
currently ends up in the ocean. The city is hosting a meeting
in June to provide information about the project and to solicit
feedback. Second, the Metropolitan Water District of
Southern California recently released its draft environmental
impact report for their regional water recycling project, a
partnership with L.A. County Sanitation Districts. The water
recycling facility is in Carson and the MWD will take public
comment through July 14 online, as well as through upcoming
community meetings. Both projects would treat wastewater,
which currently winds up in the ocean, to meet drinkable
standards for use at our homes and businesses.
With dwindling water supplies, cities throughout Arizona are
exploring multiple ways to meet residents’ water needs. In
March, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality gave
municipalities a new tool: Wastewater treated by advanced
purification can now flow directly from local water systems
into residents’ taps. For years, cities have used advanced
purified water as an indirect potable source, recharging it
into aquifers or other water supplies, and later extracting it
for purification and human consumption. The new regulations
enable cities to use advanced purified water immediately for
direct consumption. Advanced purified water is wastewater that
has undergone a multi-step process to remove impurities and
meet state drinking water standards. The treatment uses
ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, ultraviolet light
disinfection and advanced oxidation.
… With New Mexico water sources expected to become
increasingly strained by more demand and shrinking supplies
from a hotter, drier climate, the relationship between oil and
gas and its wastewater has sparked a major policy debate in the
past few legislative sessions and in the (New Mexico Water
Quality Control Commission’s) rulemaking. The state’s oil
and gas production generates billions of gallons of wastewater,
which is extremely salty and can include radioactive materials
and heavy metals from underground; chemicals used in the
fracking process; or cancer-causing or toxic compounds mixed in
from the oil and gas, such as benzene. Gov. Michelle Lujan
Grisham has floated using treated oil and gas wastewater in
manufacturing and other industries in her Strategic Water
Supply proposals, but lawmakers stripped produced water from
the final bill.
Cities across California and the Southwest are significantly
increasing and diversifying their use of recycled wastewater as
traditional water supplies grow tighter.
The 5th edition of our Layperson’s Guide to Water Recycling
covers the latest trends and statistics on water reuse as a
strategic defense against prolonged drought and climate change.
State water management officials must work more closely with
local agencies to properly prepare California for the effects
of climate change, water scientists say. Golden State
officials said in the newly revised California Water
Plan that as the nation’s most populous state, California
is too diverse and complex for a singular approach to manage a
vast water network. On Monday, they recommended expanding the
work to better manage the state’s precious water resources —
including building better partnerships with communities most at
risk during extreme drought and floods and improving critical
infrastructure for water storage, treatment and distribution
among different regions and watersheds.
After more than two decades of
drought, water utilities serving the largest urban regions in the
arid Southwest are embracing a drought-proof source of drinking
water long considered a supply of last resort: purified sewage.
Water supplies have tightened to the point that Phoenix and the
water supplier for 19 million Southern California residents are
racing to adopt an expensive technology called “direct potable
reuse” or “advanced purification” to reduce their reliance on
imported water from the dwindling Colorado River.
Momentum is building for a unique
interstate deal that aims to transform wastewater from Southern
California homes and business into relief for the stressed
Colorado River. The collaborative effort to add resiliency to a
river suffering from overuse, drought and climate change is being
shaped across state lines by some of the West’s largest water
agencies.
The southern part of California’s Central Coast from San Luis Obispo County to Ventura County, home to about 1.5 million people, is blessed with a pleasing Mediterranean climate and a picturesque terrain. Yet while its unique geography abounds in beauty, the area perpetually struggles with drought.
Indeed, while the rest of California breathed a sigh of relief with the return of wet weather after the severe drought of 2012–2016, places such as Santa Barbara still grappled with dry conditions.
Summer is a good time to take a
break, relax and enjoy some of the great beaches, waterways and
watersheds around California and the West. We hope you’re getting
a chance to do plenty of that this July.
But in the weekly sprint through work, it’s easy to miss
some interesting nuggets you might want to read. So while we’re
taking a publishing break to work on other water articles planned
for later this year, we want to help you catch up on
Western Water stories from the first half of this year
that you might have missed.
Californians have been doing an
exceptional job
reducing their indoor water use, helping the state survive
the most recent drought when water districts were required to
meet conservation targets. With more droughts inevitable,
Californians are likely to face even greater calls to save water
in the future.
Although Santa Monica may be the most aggressive Southern California water provider to wean itself from imported supplies, it is hardly the only one looking to remake its water portfolio.
In Los Angeles, a city of about 4 million people, efforts are underway to dramatically slash purchases of imported water while boosting the amount from recycling, stormwater capture, groundwater cleanup and conservation. Mayor Eric Garcetti in 2014 announced a plan to reduce the city’s purchase of imported water from Metropolitan Water District by one-half by 2025 and to provide one-half of the city’s supply from local sources by 2035. (The city considers its Eastern Sierra supplies as imported water.)
Imported water from the Sierra
Nevada and the Colorado River built Southern California. Yet as
drought, climate change and environmental concerns render those
supplies increasingly at risk, the Southland’s cities have ramped
up their efforts to rely more on local sources and less on
imported water.
Far and away the most ambitious goal has been set by the city of
Santa Monica, which in 2014 embarked on a course to be virtually
water independent through local sources by 2023. In the 1990s,
Santa Monica was completely dependent on imported water. Now, it
derives more than 70 percent of its water locally.
This 2-day, 1-night tour offered participants the opportunity to
learn about water issues affecting California’s scenic Central
Coast and efforts to solve some of the challenges of a region
struggling to be sustainable with limited local supplies that
have potential applications statewide.
There’s going to be a new governor
in California next year – and a host of challenges both old and
new involving the state’s most vital natural resource, water.
So what should be the next governor’s water priorities?
That was one of the questions put to more than 150 participants
during a wrap-up session at the end of the Water Education
Foundation’s Sept. 20 Water Summit in Sacramento.
California voters may experience a sense of déjà vu this year when they are asked twice in the same year to consider water bonds — one in June, the other headed to the November ballot.
Both tackle a variety of water issues, from helping disadvantaged communities get clean drinking water to making flood management improvements. But they avoid more controversial proposals, such as new surface storage, and they propose to do some very different things to appeal to different constituencies.
This 2-day, 1-night tour traveled through Inland
Southern California to learn about the region’s efforts in
groundwater management, recycled water and other drought-proofing
measures.
This 30-minute documentary-style DVD on the history and current
state of the San Joaquin River Restoration Program includes an
overview of the geography and history of the river, historical
and current water delivery and uses, the genesis and timeline of
the 1988 lawsuit, how the settlement was reached and what was
agreed to.
This 25-minute documentary-style DVD, developed in partnership
with the California Department of Water Resources, provides an
excellent overview of climate change and how it is already
affecting California. The DVD also explains what scientists
anticipate in the future related to sea level rise and
precipitation/runoff changes and explores the efforts that are
underway to plan and adapt to climate.
20-minute DVD that explains the problem with polluted stormwater,
and steps that can be taken to help prevent such pollution and
turn what is often viewed as a “nuisance” into a water resource
through various activities.
This 7-minute DVD is designed to teach children in grades 5-12
about where storm water goes – and why it is so important to
clean up trash, use pesticides and fertilizers wisely, and
prevent other chemicals from going down the storm drain. The
video’s teenage actors explain the water cycle and the difference
between sewer drains and storm drains, how storm drain water is
not treated prior to running into a river or other waterway. The
teens also offer a list of BMPs – best management practices that
homeowners can do to prevent storm water pollution.
The 28-page Layperson’s Guide to Nevada Water provides an
overview of the history of water development and use in Nevada.
It includes sections on Nevada’s water rights laws, the history
of the Truckee and Carson rivers, water supplies for the Las
Vegas area, groundwater, water quality, environmental issues and
today’s water supply challenges.
The 28-page Layperson’s Guide to California
Wastewater is an in-depth, easy-to-understand publication
that provides background information on the history of wastewater
treatment and how wastewater is collected, conveyed, treated and
disposed of today. The guide also offers case studies of
different treatment plants and their treatment processes.
Title 22 of California’s Code of
Regulations refers to state guidelines for how treated and
recycled water is discharged and used.
State discharge standards for recycled water and its reuse are
regulated by the 1969 Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
and the State Water Resources Control Board’s 2019 Water
Recycling Policy.
All water is naturally recycled and
reused as part of the hydrologic cycle. Recycled
water is also produced by purifying wastewater for safe use in
drinking (potable) water and for non-potable uses such as
irrigation.
Recycling wastewater provides a new, costly but renewable water
resource that can bolster local water supplies, save energy and
reduce the amount of sewage treatment plant effluent emptied into
rivers and oceans.
Wastewater management in California centers on the collection,
conveyance,
treatment, reuse and disposal of wastewater. This process is
conducted largely by public agencies, though there are also
private systems in places where a publicly owned treatment plant
is not feasible.
In California, wastewater treatment takes place through 100,000
miles of sanitary sewer lines and at more than 900 wastewater
treatment plants that manage the roughly 4 billion gallons of
wastewater generated in the state each day.
Grey water, also spelled as gray water, is water that already has
been used domestically, commercially and industrially. This
includes the leftover, untreated water generated from washing
machines, bathtubs and bathroom sinks.
This printed issue of Western Water features a
roundtable discussion with Anthony Saracino, a water resources
consultant; Martha Davis, executive manager of policy development
with the Inland Empire Utilities Agency and senior policy advisor
to the Delta Stewardship Council; Stuart Leavenworth, editorial
page editor of The Sacramento Bee and Ellen Hanak, co-director of
research and senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of
California.
This printed issue of Western Water looks at the energy
requirements associated with water use and the means by which
state and local agencies are working to increase their knowledge
and improve the management of both resources.
When a drought occurs as it has this year, the response is
couched in the three Rs of the waste hierarchy: reduce, reuse and
recycle.
The reduction part is well-known. State and local officials are
urging people to use less water in everything they do, from
landscape irrigation to shorter showers. Spurred by California’s
difficulties, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger on June 4 declared a
statewide drought. On July 10, the governor and Sen. Dianne
Feinstein announced their support of the Safe, Clean, Reliable
Drinking Water Supply Act of 2008 – a $9.3 billion bond proposal
that would allocate $250 million for water recycling projects.
This issue of Western Water examines the continuing practice of
smart water use in the urban sector and its many facets, from
improved consumer appliances to improved agency planning to the
improvements in water recycling and desalination. Many in the
water community say conserving water is not merely a response to
drought conditions, but a permanent ethic in an era in which
every drop of water is a valuable commodity not to be wasted.
Water is the true wealth in a dry land – Wallace Stegner
One hundred years ago, President Theodore Roosevelt signed
legislation that changed the course of American history and
permanently altered the landscape of the western United States.
The West of today retains some of the vestiges of the land that
brought the explorers, entrepreneurs and dreamers hundreds of
years ago. Despite the surge in population, vast tracts of
wilderness remain – forests thick with evergreen trees and
seemingly unending open spaces where human inhabitants are few
and far between.
Drawn from a special stakeholder symposium held in September 1999
in Keystone, Colorado, this issue explores how we got to where we
are today on the Colorado River; an era in which the traditional
water development of the past has given way to a more
collaborative approach that tries to protect the environment
while stretching available water supplies.
