Pauline Davis (1917-1995), who
represented all or portions of 12 rural Northern California
counties in the California Assembly, guided some of the state’s
most significant water development proposals through the
Legislature.
During her legislative career from 1952 to 1976, Davis
concentrated on water issues important to her constituents by
championing area-of-origin protections for water targeted for
export as part of the fledgling State Water Project.
The endangered Delta smelt is a 3-inch fish found only in the
Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta. It is considered especially sensitive because
it lives just one year, has a limited diet and exists primarily
in brackish waters (a mix of river-fed fresh and salty ocean
water that is typically found in coastal estuaries).
Recurrent droughts and uncertainties about future water supplies
have led several California communities to look to treat salty
water for supplemental supplies through a process known as
desalination.
Desalination removes salt and other dissolved minerals from water
and is one method to reclaim water for other uses. This can occur
with ocean water along the coast and in the interior at spots
that draw from ancient salt water deep under the surface or where
groundwater has been tainted
by too much salt.
Developed water is water that is controlled and managed for a
variety of uses. These uses include water stored in dams and reservoirs, or pumped, diverted or
channeled in aqueducts.
With a holding capacity of more
than 260 billion gallons, Diamond Valley Lake is Southern
California’s largest reservoir. It sits about 90 miles southeast
of Los Angeles and just west of Hemet in Riverside County where
it was built in 2000. The offstream reservoir was created by
three large dams that connect
the surrounding hills, costing around $1.9 billion and doubling
the region’s water storage capacity.
Joan Didion (1934-2021) was a native California author and
playwright whose famous writings have featured California water
issues.
Born and reared in Sacramento, she
wrote extensively and personally about her feelings on the
subject of water. In her memoir, Where I Was From, she told not
only the story about her pioneering family’s roots in the
Sacramento area but also of the seasonal flooding, the water
politics and controversies, and the California State Water
Project (SWP) and federal Central Valley Project (CVP).
Disadvantaged communities are those carrying the greatest
economic, health and environmental burdens. They include
poverty, high unemployment, higher risk of asthma and heart
disease, and often limited access to clean, affordable drinking
water.
Drought—an extended period of
limited or no precipitation—is a fact of life in California and
the West, with water resources following boom-and-bust patterns.
During California’s 2012–2016 drought, much of the state
experienced severe drought conditions: significantly less
precipitation and snowpack, reduced streamflow and higher
temperatures. Those same conditions reappeared early in 2021
prompting Gov. Gavin Newsom in May to declare drought emergencies
in watersheds across 41 counties in California.
