California has pioneered some of the
toughest state environmental legislation to address environmental
issues. For example, laws focused attention on “instream uses” of
water to benefit fish and wildlife, recreation, water quality and
aesthetics. Among water-related issues, in general, are
climate change, toxic waste disposal, pollution and loss of
wildlife and habitat.
Also, the California Legislature was the first in the country to
protect rare plants and animals through passage of the California
Endangered Species Act in 1970.
On the banks of the San Pedro River lies one of the American
Southwest’s few remaining old-growth mesquite bosques—a
streamside forest in more than 3,000 acres of
riparian ecosystem that is one of Arizona’s last intact
landscapes. Known as the 7B Ranch, the mesquite forest is vital
to the area’s biodiversity. … [J]ust eight miles up the
road is another proposed mine, this one pursued by Faraday
Copper, for which the Bureau of Land Management has approved
exploratory drilling. Now, the San Carlos Apache Tribe and a
coalition of environmental groups appealed to the BLM’s Arizona
state director to review the agency’s approval of Faraday’s
Copper Creek project, citing its impacts to 7B Ranch as a
property mitigating the impacts of a mine elsewhere, and for
the “serious risks to wildlife, water resources, landscape
connectivity, human health, and cultural resources” it poses to
the tribe, land and other local communities.
The Great Salt Lake is in the middle of its summer decline,
bringing its levels back down to a concerning section within
the state’s management plan. Its southern arm is now down to
4,192.2 feet elevation, losing about 1½ feet since its peak
this spring, while its north arm remains just below that, at
4,191.8 feet elevation, according to federal data. Levels begin
to create “serious adverse effects” on brine shrimp viability,
air quality, mineral production and recreation at 4,192 feet
elevation, the state plan warns. However, the lake is also
receiving a significant financial boost amid ongoing efforts to
get water back to the lake. Up to $53 million in grant funding
is now available for projects that support the Great Salt Lake
and its wetlands, state officials announced on Wednesday.
After nearly a century of people building dams on most of the
world’s major rivers, artificial reservoirs now represent an
immense freshwater footprint across the landscape. Yet, these
reservoirs are understudied and overlooked for their fisheries
production and management potential, indicates a study from the
University of California, Davis. The study, published
in the journal Scientific Reports, estimates that U.S.
reservoirs hold 3.5 billion kilograms (7.7 billion pounds) of
fish. Properly managed, these existing reservoir ecosystems
could play major roles in food security and fisheries
conservation.
California has unveiled an ambitious plan to help combat the
worsening climate crisis with one of its invaluable assets: its
land. Over the next 20 years, the state will work to transform
more than half of its 100 million acres into multi-benefit
landscapes that can absorb more carbon than they release,
officials announced Monday. … The plan also calls for
11.9 million acres of forestland to be managed for biodiversity
protection, carbon storage and water supply protection by 2045,
and 2.7 million acres of shrublands and chaparral to be managed
for carbon storage, resilience and habitat connectivity, among
other efforts.
Tiny pieces of plastic waste shed
from food wrappers, grocery bags, clothing, cigarette butts,
tires and paint are invading the environment and every facet of
daily life. Researchers know the plastic particles have even made
it into municipal water supplies, but very little data exists
about the scope of microplastic contamination in drinking
water.
After years of planning, California this year is embarking on a
first-of-its-kind data-gathering mission to illuminate how
prevalent microplastics are in the state’s largest drinking water
sources and help regulators determine whether they are a public
health threat.
Algal blooms are sudden
outbreaks of algae. Their occurrence is increasing in
California’s rivers, creeks and lakes and along the coast,
threatening the lives of people, pets and fisheries.
Only a few types of algae can produce poisons, but even nontoxic
blooms hurt the environment and local economies. When masses
of algae die and decay, they can deplete oxygen in the water to
the point of causing devastating fish kills.
Excess salinity poses a growing
threat to food production, drinking water quality and public
health. Salts increase the cost of urban drinking water and
wastewater treatment, which are paid for by residents and
businesses. Increasing salinity is likely the largest long-term
chronic water quality impairment to surface and groundwater in California’s Central
Valley.
The 28-page Layperson’s Guide to Nevada Water provides an
overview of the history of water development and use in Nevada.
It includes sections on Nevada’s water rights laws, the history
of the Truckee and Carson rivers, water supplies for the Las
Vegas area, groundwater, water quality, environmental issues and
today’s water supply challenges.
Stretching 450 miles long and up to
50 miles wide, the Sierra Nevada makes up more than a quarter of
California’s land area and forms its largest watersheds,
providing more than half of the state’s developed water supply to
residents, agriculture and other businesses.*
The California Environmental Quality
Act, commonly known as CEQA, is foundational to the state’s
environmental protection efforts. The law requires proposed
developments with the potential for “significant” impacts on the
physical environment to undergo an environmental review.
Since its passage in 1970, CEQA (based on the National
Environmental Policy Act) has served as a model for
similar legislation in other states.
This issue of Western Water examines that process. Much
of the information is drawn from discussions that occurred at the
November 2005 Selenium Summit sponsored by the Foundation and the
California Department of Water Resources. At that summit, a
variety of experts presented findings and the latest activities
from areas where selenium is of primary interest.
