The Bay Area will need an estimated $110 billion to combat sea-level rise in the coming decades, with the price tag for protecting San Mateo and Santa Clara counties reaching $11 billion and $8 billion respectively, according to a July study by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission-Association of Bay Area Governments (MTC-ABAG) and the Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC). The jaw-dropping figures highlight a daunting challenge: how will cities pay to protect themselves?