According to a recent report from global water market data and insights provider Bluefield Research, nearly one in five gallons — 19.5% — of treated drinking water in the United States is lost before it reaches customers or is improperly billed. Known as non-revenue water (NRW), Bluefield estimates that it costs utilities more than $6.4 billion (USD) in uncaptured revenues annually. According to Bluefield, a major contributor to water loss is vast and aging distribution networks that span more than 2.2 million miles across the country. Water main breaks are estimated to occur every two minutes, placing significant financial, operational and infrastructure burdens on utilities and their stakeholders. Along with physical water loss, utilities also need to be concerned about under-registering meters that may improperly bill customers for their water usage, resulting in lost revenue for the utility. The total value of the water lost from physical leakage and water that goes unbilled, is non-revenue water.