… There are now 96 major data centers spread across Arizona, including 87 in the Phoenix metro area. AWS, Apple, Google, Microsoft, Meta, Nvidia, and others have a presence in the state. In addition, Intel, NXP, Texas Instruments, and Taiwan Semiconductor operate semiconductor fabrication plants. … Manufacturing processes at chip fabrication facilities consume up to 4.8 million gallons of water daily. Data centers typically pull between 500,000 gallons and 5 million gallons per day — mostly from underground aquifers — though some facilities use air-cooling and immersion cooling systems.