The training and use of artificial-intelligence systems such as ChatGPT might already result in more annual carbon emissions than New York City and more water consumption than all the bottled water drank globally, according to new research. In one of the first studies to focus specifically on the environmental impact of AI, a new report in the data-science journal Patterns estimated that the technology’s water consumption in particular was likely far higher than previous estimates. The study indicates that both AI’s carbon emissions and its water consumption are growing rapidly, thanks to its surging power use.